中扬子地区龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙发育特征及控制因素——以湖南省永顺地区永页3井为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20200516

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以焦石坝气田为代表的上扬子地区龙马溪组页岩气勘探和开发已经取得了巨大成功，但是中扬子地区龙马溪组中的页岩气勘探潜力尚不明确。文章通过对湖南省永顺地区永页3井页岩有机质孔隙发育特征和主控因素进行分析，以此为中扬子地区龙马溪组页岩储集性能评价提供参考。永页3井龙马溪组页岩发育典型海相有机质，TOC分布在0.65%~3.81%（平均为1.87%），具有高-过成熟阶段、孔隙度低（平均孔隙度为2.06%）的特征。通过氩离子抛光+扫描电镜技术对样品有机质孔隙进行了系统的观察，结合能谱测试结果和JMicroVision软件图像处理对有机质孔隙特征参数进行了统计与分析，提出了一种基于SEM图像的有机质孔隙连通性表征方法。结果表明，该井龙马溪组页岩中有机质主要为孔隙相对发育的迁移有机质和孔隙发育较差的原生有机质；有机质孔隙的发育存在非均质性，在成因上主要受控于有机质显微组分、有机碳含量以及粘土矿物含量等因素，较高热演化程度下适当的有机碳含量是有机质孔隙发育的关键因素。

关键词: 有机质孔隙, 有机质面孔率, 页岩, 龙马溪组, 永页3井, 中扬子地区

Abstract:

The exploration and development of shale gas in the Jiaoshiba gas field, a major Longmaxi Formation shale gas field in the Upper Yangtze Region, has made great success.However, the resource potential of the formation is still unclear.To this end, the characteristics and controlling factors of organic-matter pores in shale samples from the Well YY3 in the Yongshun area, Hunan Provinces, are analyzed to provide references for the assessment of shale reservoir properties in the formation.The Longmaxi Formation shale from the Well YY3 contains typical marine organic matter, and is characterized by a total organic matter content (TOC) of 0.65%-3.81% (1.87% on average), high-to-over-mature thermal maturity and low porosity (2.06% on average).The pores in the samples were systematically observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after an Argon-ion-polishing treatment.Moreover, the characteristics of organic-matter pores were analyzed with energy spectrum test and JMicro Vision image processing software; and a new characterization method based on SEM images was proposed to describe the pore connectivity.The results show that the Longmaxi Formation shale contains mostly migrated organic matters with well-developed pore systems and native organic matters with under-developed pores.As a whole, the pore growth in organic matters of the shale in the formation is heterogeneous and mainly controlled by the micro-components of organic matters as well as the content of organic carbon and clay minerals, and at higher thermal evolution stages, organic carbon content plays a critical role in the development of pores in organic matters.

Key words: organic-matter pore, organic-matter thin section porosity, shale, Longmaxi Formation, Well YY3, Middle Yangtze Region

中图分类号:

TE122.2

洪剑,唐玄,张聪,等. 中扬子地区龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙发育特征及控制因素——以湖南省永顺地区永页3井为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1060-1072. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200516 Jian Hong,Xuan Tang,Cong Zhang,et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of organic-matter pores in Longmaxi Formation shale, Middle Yangtze Region: A case study of Well YY3[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1060-1072. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200516

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

参考文献 28

1	张金川, 汪宗余, 聂海宽, 等. 页岩气及其勘探研究意义[J]. 现代地质, 2008, 22 (4): 640- 646.
	Zhang Jinchuan , Wang Zongyu , Nie Haikuan , et al. Shale gas and its significance for exploration[J]. Geoscience, 2008, 22 (4): 640- 646.
2	王道富, 王玉满, 董大忠, 等. 川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征[J]. 天然气工业, 2013, 33 (7): 1- 10.
	Wang Daofu , Wang Yuman , Dong Dazhong , et al. Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale, southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013, 33 (7): 1- 10.
3	Loucks R G , Reed R M , Ruppel S C , et al. Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2009, 79 (12): 848- 861. doi: 10.2110/jsr.2009.092
4	王哲, 李贤庆, 周宝刚, 等. 川南地区下古生界页岩气储层微观孔隙结构表征及其对含气性的影响[J]. 煤炭学报, 2016, 41 (9): 2287- 2297.
	Wang Zhe , Li Xianqing , Zhou Baogang , et al. Characterization of microscopic pore structure and its influence on gas content of shale gas reservoirs from the Lower Paleozoic in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41 (9): 2287- 2297.
5	Loucks R G , Reed R M . Scanning-electron-microscope petrographic evidence for distinguishing organic-matter pores associated with depositional organic matter versus migrated organic matter in mudrock[J]. GCAGS Journal, 2014, 3, 51- 60.
6	薛冰, 张金川, 唐玄, 等. 黔西北龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构及储气特征[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36 (2): 138- 149, 173.
	Xue Bing , Zhang Jinchuan , Tang Xuan , et al. Characteristics of microscopic pore and gas accumulation on shale in Longmaxi Formation, northwest Guizhou[J]. Acta Petrolci Sinica, 2015, 36 (2): 138- 149, 173.
7	陈前.典型含气页岩孔缝结构研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2017.
	Chen Qian.Study on pore and fracture of typical gas shales[D].Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2017.
8	Loucks R G , Reed R M , Rup Pel S C , et al. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2012, 96 (6): 1071- 1098. doi: 10.1306/08171111061
9	Milliken K L , Rudnicki M , David N A , Zhang Tongwei . Organic matter-hosted pore system, Marcellus Formation (Devonian), Pennsylvania[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2013, 97 (2): 177- 200. doi: 10.1306/07231212048
10	Lucy T.Ko , Stephen C.Ruppel , Robert G.Loucks , et al. Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones:Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2018, 190, 3- 28. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2017.10.001
11	Mark E.Curtis , Brian J.Cardott , Carl H.Sondergeld , et al. Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J]. International Journal of Coal Geolog, 2012, 103, 26- 31. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2012.08.004
12	Daniel M.Jarvie , Ronald J.Hill , Tim E.Ruble , et al. Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2012, 91 (4): 475- 499.
13	李卫兵, 姜振学, 李卓, 等. 渝东南页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J]. 特种油气藏, 2016, 23 (2): 50- 54.
	Li Weibing , Jiang Zhenxue , Li Zhuo , et al. Micro-pore structure chara-cteristics of shale in Southeast Chongqing and the controlling factors[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2016, 23 (2): 50- 54.
14	钟太贤. 中国南方海相页岩孔隙结构特征[J]. 天然气工业, 2012, 32 (9): 1- 4.
	Zhong Taixian . Characteristics of pore structure of marine shales in South China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32 (9): 1- 4.
15	郭彤楼, 张汉荣. 四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41 (01): 28- 36.
	Guo Tonglou , Zhang Hanrong . Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41 (01): 29- 36.
16	张晓明, 石万忠, 徐清海, 等. 四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36 (08): 926- 939+953.
	Zhang Xiaoming , Shi Wanzhong , Xu Qinghai , et al. Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36 (08): 926- 939+953.
17	秦明阳, 蔡宁波, 郑振华. 海相页岩气目标区优选研究——以湖南某中标区块为例[J]. 中国煤地质, 2015, 27 (03): 24- 28+45.
	Qin Mingyang , Cai Ningbo , Zheng Zhenhua . Marine shale gas target area optimization-A case study of a bid winning blockin Hunan[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2015, 27 (3): 24- 28+45.
18	刘若冰. 超压对川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩储层影响分析[J]. 沉积学报, 2015, 33 (04): 817- 827.
	Liu Ruobing . Analyses of influences on shale reservoirs of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation by overpressure in the South-eastern part of Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2015, 33 (04): 817- 827.
19	林拓.湘西北地区页岩气聚集条件及资源潜力评价[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2014.
	Lin Tuo.Accumulation conditions and resource potential assessment for shale gas in Northwest Hunan[D].Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2017.
20	Bernard S , Wirth R , Schreiber A , et al. Formation of nanoporous pyrobitumen residues during maturation of the Barnett Shale (Fort Worth Basin)[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 103, 3- 11. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2012.04.010
21	Sylvain Bernard , Brian Horsfield , Hans-Martin Schulz , et al. Geochemical evolution of organic-rich shales with increasing maturity:A STXM and TEM study of the Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian, northern Germany)[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2012, 31, 70- 89. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.05.010
22	王香增, 张丽霞, 雷裕红, 等. 低熟湖相页岩内运移固体有机质和有机质孔特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7油层组页岩为例[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39 (02): 141- 151.
	Wang Zengxiang , Zhang Lixia , Lei Yuhong , et al. Characteristicof migrated solid organic matters and organic pores in low maturity lacustrine shale:a case study of the shale in Chang 7 oil-bearing formation of Yanchang Formation, southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39 (02): 141- 151.
23	马中良, 郑伦举, 徐旭辉, 等. 富有机质页岩有机孔隙形成与演化的热模拟实验[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38 (01): 23- 30.
	Ma Zhongliang , Zheng Lunju , Xu Xuhui , et al. Thermal simulation experiment on the formation and evolution of organic pores in organic-rich shale[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38 (1): 23- 30.
24	徐铭阳. 测量有机质密度的新方法[J]. 科学技术创新, 2015, 19, 49.
	Xu Mingyang . A new method for measuring the density of organic matter[J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information, 2008, 19, 49.
25	王飞宇, 关晶, 冯伟平, 等. 过成熟海相页岩孔隙度演化特征和游离气量[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40 (6): 764- 768.
	Wang Feiyu , Guan Jing , Feng Weiping , et al. Evolution of overmature marine shale porosity and implication to the free gas volume[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40 (6): 764- 768.
26	王玉满, 董大忠, 程相志, 等. 海相页岩有机质碳化的电性证据及其地质意义——以四川盆地南部地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34 (8): 1- 7.
	Wang Yuman , Dong Dazhong , Cheng Xiangzhi , et al. Wang Shufang & Wang Shiqian.Electric property evidences of the carbonification of organic matters in marine shales and its geologic signifcance:A case of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34 (8): 1- 7.
27	Robert G.Loucks , Robert M.Reed , Stephen C.Ruppel , et al. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2012, 96 (6): 1071- 1098. doi: 10.1306/08171111061
28	蒲泊伶, 董大忠, 耳闯, 等. 川南地区龙马溪组页岩有利储层发育特征及其影响因素[J]. 天然气工业, 2013, 33 (12): 41- 47.
	Pu Boling , Dong Dazhong , Er Chuang , et al. Favorable reservoir chara-cteristics of the Longmaxi shale in the southern Sichuan Basin and their influencing factors[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013, 33 (12): 41- 47.

样品编号	深度/m	TOC/%	岩石密度/ (g·cm^-3)	有机质面孔率/ %	有机质孔隙度/ %	总孔隙度/ %	有机孔占比/ %	连通性参数C
YY-1	2 463.28	0.65	2.72	1.93	0.028	1.10	2.5	0.211 2
YY-2	2 525.36	0.93	2.70	7.86	0.163	1.03	15.8	0.470 2
YY-3	2 534.28	1.43	2.69	10.07	0.323	2.02	16.0	0.614 7
YY-4	2 540.55	1.58	2.74	11.09	0.400	2.76	14.5	0.598 4
YY-5	2 541.48	2.78	2.65	7.93	0.486	2.89	16.8	0.356 7
YY-6	2 542.09	3.81	2.59	3.74	0.308	2.73	11.3	0.328 9
YY-7	2 546.82	1.93	2.64	7.67	0.326	1.86	17.5	0.479 9
平均值		1.87	2.68	6.99	0.337	2.06	16.4	0.424 9

[1]	刘惠民, 包友书, 黎茂稳, 李政, 吴连波, 朱日房, 王大洋, 王鑫. 页岩油富集可动性地球化学评价参数探讨[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 622-636.
[2]	蒲秀刚, 董姜畅, 柴公权, 宋舜尧, 时战楠, 韩文中, 张伟, 解德录. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段页岩高丰度有机质富集模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 696-709.
[3]	方锐, 蒋裕强, 杨长城, 邓海波, 蒋婵, 洪海涛, 唐松, 谷一凡, 朱讯, 孙莎莎, 蔡光银. 四川盆地侏罗系凉高山组不同岩性组合页岩油赋存状态及可动性[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 752-769.
[4]	李军, 邹友龙, 路菁. 陆相页岩油储层可动油含量测井评价方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 816-826.
[5]	杜晓宇, 金之钧, 曾联波, 刘国平, 杨森, 梁新平, 陆国青. 基于成像测井的深层陆相页岩油储层天然裂缝有效性评价[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 852-865.
[6]	邹才能, 董大忠, 熊伟, 傅国友, 赵群, 刘雯, 孔维亮, 张琴, 蔡光银, 王玉满, 梁峰, 刘翰林, 邱振. 中国页岩气新区带、新层系和新类型勘探进展、挑战及对策[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 309-326.
[7]	赵喆, 白斌, 刘畅, 王岚, 周海燕, 刘羽汐. 中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 327-340.
[8]	柳波, 蒙启安, 付晓飞, 林铁锋, 白云风, 田善思, 张金友, 姚瑶, 程心阳, 刘召. 松辽盆地白垩系青山口组一段页岩生、排烃组分特征及页岩油相态演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 406-419.
[9]	何骁, 郑马嘉, 刘勇, 赵群, 石学文, 姜振学, 吴伟, 伍亚, 宁诗坦, 唐相路, 刘达东. 四川盆地“槽-隆”控制下的寒武系筇竹寺组页岩储层特征及其差异性成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 420-439.
[10]	高和群, 高玉巧, 何希鹏, 聂军. 苏北盆地古近系阜宁组二段页岩油储层岩石力学特征及其控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 502-515.
[11]	师良, 范柏江, 李忠厚, 余紫巍, 蔺子瑾, 戴欣洋. 鄂尔多斯盆地中部三叠系延长组7段烃组分的运移分异作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 157-168.
[12]	张益, 张斌, 刘帮华, 柳洁, 魏千盛, 张歧, 陆红军, 朱鹏宇, 王瑞. 页岩气储层吸附渗流研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 256-280.
[13]	郭旭升, 马晓潇, 黎茂稳, 钱门辉, 胡宗全. 陆相页岩油富集机理探讨[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1333-1349.
[14]	孙龙德, 王小军, 冯子辉, 邵红梅, 曾花森, 高波, 江航. 松辽盆地古龙页岩纳米孔缝形成机制与页岩油富集特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1350-1365.
[15]	米立军, 徐建永, 李威. 渤海海域页岩油资源潜力[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1366-1377.