石油与天然气地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 161-174.doi: 10.11743/ogg20220113
龚德瑜1(), 赵长永2, 何文军3, 赵龙3, 孔玉梅4, 马丽亚1, 王瑞菊1, 吴卫安1
收稿日期:
2021-08-13
修回日期:
2021-12-12
出版日期:
2022-02-01
发布日期:
2022-01-28
作者简介:
龚德瑜(1983—),男,高级工程师,油气地质与地球化学。E?mail: 基金资助:
Deyu Gong1(), Changyong Zhao2, Wenjun He3, Long Zhao3, Yumei Kong4, Liya Ma1, Ruiju Wang1, Wei’an Wu1
Received:
2021-08-13
Revised:
2021-12-12
Online:
2022-02-01
Published:
2022-01-28
摘要:
准噶尔盆地是中国陆上四大含油气盆地之一,但天然气勘探进展缓慢,已有发现主要集中在盆地的东部和南部。基于天然气的组分和稳定碳同位素组成,在准噶尔盆地西北缘发现了4种类型的天然气。第Ⅰ类天然气主要来自下二叠统风城组湖相烃源岩,可进一步细分为ⅠA(主要来自沙湾凹陷)和ⅠB(主要来自玛湖凹陷)两个亚类。第Ⅱ类天然气为沙湾凹陷深部石炭系和下二叠统佳木河组高-过成熟腐殖型烃源岩生成的煤型气。第Ⅲ类天然气为第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ类天然气的混合气。第Ⅳ类天然气为油藏破坏后发生生物降解作用而形成的次生生物成因气。白垩纪,沙湾凹陷风城组、佳木河组和石炭系烃源岩生成的大量高成熟煤型气和油型气沿断裂和不整合面组成的输导体系运移至构造高部位成藏,而玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩主体仍处在生油高峰,生成少量低熟油型气在凹陷内及边缘聚集。上述发现证实了准噶尔盆地西部上古生界发育石炭系(含佳木河组)和风城组两套规模有效气源岩,揭示了新的天然气勘探领域。研究成果提供了一个复杂地质条件下开展气-源对比和成藏过程恢复的典型案例,同时也深化了对准噶尔盆地天然气勘探潜力的认识。
中图分类号:
表1
准噶尔盆地西北缘天然气地球化学参数"
分类 | 成因来源 | 参数 | 深度/m | 天然气组分含量/% | 干燥系数 | δ13C(VPDB)/‰ | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
甲烷 | 乙烷 | 丙烷 | 异丁烷 | 正丁烷 | 异戊烷 | 正戊烷 | 氮气 | 二氧化碳 | 甲烷 | 乙烷 | 丙烷 | |||||
ⅠA类 | P1 f高成熟油型气 | 最小值 | 2 239 | 57.75 | 1.80 | 0.72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.69 | 0.01 | 0.90 | -37.3 | -31.5 | -30.9 |
最大值 | 4 519 | 94.19 | 5.74 | 2.45 | 0.64 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 30.05 | 1.43 | 0.95 | -29.8 | -27.9 | -24.6 | ||
平均值 | 3 060 | 88.28 | 3.35 | 1.36 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 4.37 | 0.32 | 0.94 | -33.3 | -29.5 | -28.9 | ||
ⅠB类 | P1 f中-低成熟油型气 | 最小值 | 553 | 64.68 | 3.08 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.71 | -54.4 | -40.9 | -37.7 |
最大值 | 4 808 | 94.60 | 11.42 | 7.44 | 4.51 | 2.86 | 1.90 | 1.85 | 11.50 | 4.19 | 0.96 | -37.0 | -30.1 | -25.6 | ||
平均值 | 3 049 | 79.54 | 7.28 | 4.14 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 0.83 | 0.74 | 2.79 | 0.60 | 0.83 | -45.8 | -34.2 | -32.2 | ||
Ⅱ类 | P1 j/C高成熟煤型气 | 最小值 | 2 486 | 73.77 | 1.77 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.06 | 0.93 | -35.9 | -26.6 | -24.7 |
最大值 | 4 616 | 95.21 | 3.55 | 1.24 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 20.34 | 1.33 | 0.98 | -25.8 | -23.8 | -20.6 | ||
平均值 | 3 436 | 91.35 | 2.67 | 0.69 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 4.08 | 0.39 | 0.96 | -30.7 | -25.6 | -22.9 | ||
Ⅲ类 | Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类的混合气 | 最小值 | 2 215 | 86.61 | 2.10 | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0.13 | 0.91 | -37.4 | -29.1 | -29.4 |
最大值 | 3 521 | 95.63 | 5.62 | 3.34 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 2.82 | 0.30 | 0.97 | -31.4 | -27.1 | -24.2 | ||
平均值 | 2 928 | 92.21 | 3.50 | 1.33 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 1.78 | 0.21 | 0.94 | -33.3 | -27.7 | -26.8 | ||
Ⅳ类 | 次生生物成因气 | 最小值 | 528 | 83.40 | 1.20 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 0.90 | -50.6 | -33.0 | -31.9 |
最大值 | 4 313 | 96.11 | 6.81 | 3.12 | 2.34 | 0.91 | 1.08 | 0.46 | 7.24 | 1.35 | 0.98 | -40.5 | -25.6 | -22.3 | ||
平均值 | 2 260 | 90.83 | 3.23 | 1.28 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 2.48 | 0.39 | 0.94 | -44.5 | -30.0 | -28.6 |
表2
准噶尔盆地西北缘典型生物降解天然气地球化学参数"
天然气成因类型 | 井号 | 层位 | 深度/m | 天然气组分含量/% | 干燥系数 | δ13C(VPDB)/‰ | 数据来源 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
甲烷 | 乙烷 | 丙烷 | 异丁烷 | 正丁烷 | 异戊烷 | 正戊烷 | 氮气 | 二氧化碳 | 甲烷 | 乙烷 | 丙烷 | ||||||
ⅠB亚类 | 艾湖12 | T2 k | 3 218.0 | 90.59 | 3.08 | 1.23 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 3.47 | 0.34 | 0.94 | -39.8 | -30.1 | -30.2 | 本次研究 |
艾湖5 | T2 k | 3 359.5 | 88.02 | 3.52 | 1.81 | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 3.27 | 0.52 | 0.92 | -39.0 | -30.1 | -31.0 | 本次研究 | |
风7 | P1 f | 3 153.5 | 94.60 | 3.91 | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | 0.39 | — | 0.96 | -37.0 | -30.5 | -25.6 | 文献[ | |
Ⅳ类 | 克76 | P3 w | 2 964.6 | 91.52 | 4.78 | 1.76 | — | — | — | — | 0.82 | — | 0.93 | -40.5 | -29.8 | -30.5 | 文献[ |
玛006 | T1 b | 3 544.0 | 83.40 | 5.18 | 1.85 | 1.32 | 0.56 | 7.24 | 0.10 | 0.90 | -48.8 | -29.7 | -30.3 | 文献[ | |||
玛27 | T2 k | 2 304.0 | 91.82 | 3.42 | 1.05 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 2.71 | 0.68 | 0.95 | -41.8 | -30.1 | -30.7 | 本次研究 |
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