石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 790-808.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250307
收稿日期:2024-11-18
修回日期:2025-05-06
出版日期:2025-06-30
发布日期:2025-06-26
第一作者简介:韩双彪(1987—),男,副教授、博士研究生导师,天然氢气地质评价、非常规油气成藏机理。E-mail: bjcuphan@163.com。
基金项目:
Shuangbiao HAN1(
), Jin WANG1, Jie HUANG1, Chengshan WANG2
Received:2024-11-18
Revised:2025-05-06
Online:2025-06-30
Published:2025-06-26
摘要:
未来能源格局中,低碳甚至零碳能源将成为重要组成部分,而天然氢气的发展前景尤为广阔。全球已掀起了天然氢的探寻热潮,回顾天然氢气研究历史与进展,评价当下所面临问题与未来发展趋势,可为下一阶段天然氢气勘探工作方向与研究计划制定提供参考依据。利用中国知网和Web of Science等数据库,系统检索了全球与天然氢气主题相关的学术论文,通过对200余篇论文的分布特征研究,揭示了研究机构、科研群体及基金资助等情况,分析了全球天然氢气研究现状,探讨了其现阶段面临的问题与未来研究的发展方向。研究结果表明:①相较于国外,中国天然氢气论文总数偏少,且理论体系并不完善,但受到国家资助的研究项目比例较前期明显增加,呈现出典型的快速发展阶段特征。②在未来较长的时间内,构建完善的天然氢气系统以及建立科学的资源评价理论方法,将成为天然氢气研究的核心方向。以天然氢气专探井为主要手段的地质基础研究工作必将受到高度重视,围绕氢源潜力、天然氢气赋存相态以及天然氢气储层封闭性等关键问题的相关研究工作也将逐步有序展开。③未来天然氢气领域的发展,离不开多学科的交叉融合,国家层面的政策与资金支持、科技攻关及国际合作将会是中国天然氢气相关研究与勘探迅速发展的必要条件。
中图分类号:
表2
全球典型的天然氢气发现"
| 国家 | 典型氢气发现 | 赋存相态 | 资料来源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 美国 | 堪萨斯洲钻井中发现H2含量最高91.70 %,在加利福尼亚和北卡罗来纳州地表均检测到H2浓度(0 ~ 1 043) × 10-6 | 游离态 | 文献[ |
| 哥伦比亚 | Cauca-Patia山谷圆形结构中检测到H2浓度为(6 ~ 330) × 10-6 | 游离态 | 文献[ |
| 加拿大 | 加拿大地盾的许多勘探钻孔中H2的含量最高可达30.00 %;雪茄湖铀矿床上伏黏土层中最高H2浓度为500 × 10-6 | 游离态、 吸附态、 溶解态 | 文献[ |
| 阿曼 | Semail蛇绿岩上方温泉中H2含量为0 ~ 8.79 %;Hajar山脉渗漏H2浓度分布范围为(20 ~ 650) × 10-6 | 游离态、 溶解态 | 文献[ |
| 菲律宾 | Zambales蛇绿岩裂缝渗漏气体中H2的含量最高可达42.00 % | 游离态 | 文献[ |
| 法国 | 比利牛斯山地表渗漏H2浓度最高超过1 000 × 10-6 | 游离态 | 文献[ |
| 俄罗斯 | 俄罗斯克拉通数千个直径从100 m到几千米的亚圆形构造中H2最高含量为1.25 % | 游离态 | 文献[ |
| 土耳其 | 土耳其Tekirova蛇绿岩中可能存在含有大量CH4与H2的储层,其中H2的含量可达10.00 % | 游离态 | 文献[ |
| 阿尔巴尼亚 | Bulqizë铬铁矿中H2含量最高可达84.00 % | 游离态、 溶解态 | 文献[ |
| 新喀里多尼亚 | 新喀里多尼亚领土全境中均发现有H2,其中部分温泉溶解着0 ~ 36.07 %的H2含量 | 游离态、 溶解态 | 文献[ |
| 马里 | 马里Taoudeni盆地H2含量最高可达98.00 %,成功商业化开发 | 游离态、 溶解态 | 文献[ |
| 澳大利亚 | 约克半岛拉姆齐1号与拉姆齐2号钻井中H2含量最高可达95.80 %;Frog’s Leg金矿检测到H2含量为19.90 % ~ 68.70 %;Grass Patch与North Perth盆地地表圆形结构中检测到H2浓度为(0 ~ 70) × 10-6 | 游离态、 溶解态、 包裹体态 | 文献[ |
| 中国 | 中国松辽盆地钻井中的H2含量为0 ~ 85.54 %;三水盆地中渗漏H2浓度最高可达6 948 × 10-6;即墨断裂周围温泉溶解气体中H2含量为2.40 % ~ 12.50 % | 游离态、 溶解态 | 文献[ |
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