石油与天然气地质 ›› 2002, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 307-313.doi: 10.11743/ogg20020401

• 前沿探索 •    下一篇

前陆盆地及其确定和研究

刘池洋, 赵红格, 杨兴科, 王锋   

  1. 西北大学大陆动力学教育部重点实验室, 西北大学含油气盆地研究所, 陕西西安, 710069
  • 收稿日期:2002-09-30 出版日期:2002-12-25 发布日期:2012-01-16
  • 基金项目:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1998040808)资助

FORELAND BASIN AND ITS DEFINITION AND RESEARCH

Liu Chiyang, Zhao Hongge, Yang Xingke, Wang Feng   

  1. The Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, the Ministry of Education, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Oil Bearing Basin Research Institute of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi
  • Received:2002-09-30 Online:2002-12-25 Published:2012-01-16

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摘要：

经典的前陆盆地的概念可定义为:形成于收缩造山带与相邻克拉通之间,平行于造山带呈狭长带状展布的不对称冲断挠曲盆地。此定义包含了前陆盆地的分布位置和地壳性质、动力学机制与发育时限、平面展布、剖面结构以及相应的沉积建造等主要特征。但前陆盆地的基本结构和主要单元的位置在不同演化阶段是变化的;其规模和形态及含油气性也差别较大。以盆地所处的地球动力学环境为基础,将前陆盆地分为周缘前陆盆地、弧背前陆盆地和分裂前陆盆地三类。前两类为基本类型。中国中西部一些造山带周缘的压性盆地,总体具有前陆盆地的结构、变形和沉积特征。根据其形成的动力来源、发育时限和主要特征,将其作为一种新的盆地类型列出,命名为陆内前陆盆地。与弧背前陆盆地和周缘前陆盆地相并列,并对应于板块构造演化历程中的大洋消减、大陆碰撞和陆内缩短三个不同性质的聚敛阶段。前陆盆地的确定依据和研究内容主要有:(1)构造属性;(2)发育时限;(3)盆山耦合;(4)区域背景;(5)原盆面貌;(6)演化过程;(7)沉积响应;(8)纵向分区等。在确定前陆盆地时,应注重该类盆地的共性;在研究时,应突出具体对象的个性。

关键词: 前陆盆地, 陆内前陆盆地, 中国中西部盆地, 确定依据, 研究内容, 盆山关系, 油气勘探

Abstract:

A classical concept of foreland basin can be defined as follows: Formed between the contracted orogen and its neighboring craton,an asymmetrical thrust flexure basin parallels to the orogen and extends in a long and narrow type. This definition includes the main characteristics of distribution location,crustal feature, dynamic mechanism developing stage, planar distribution and profile structures along with corresponding sedimentary formation. However, the basic structures and the location of main units of the foreland basin are variable in various stages of its evolution and also with difference both in its pattern and oil and gas bearing features. The foreland basin, on the basis of its geodynamic environment, can be subdivided into three types of peripheral foreland basin, retro-arc foreland basin and broken foreland basin. The former two types are the fundamental subdivisions. Many compressive basins around orogens in mid-west China generally have the structural features, deformation and deposition of foreland basins. According to dynamic sources, developing stages, and main characters during the development of the foreland basin, the basin could be named in a new type of foreland basin namely, intra-continent foreland basin that can be discriminated from the peripheral foreland basin and retro-arc foreland basin. Therefore they are corresponding to the three different featured convergent stages of ocean subduction, continental collision and intra-continent contraction in the structural evolution of plates. The basis for the definition and the contents for the research of the foreland basin are as follows:(1) tectonic attribute in which kinds the foreland basin belongs to;(2)developing states;(3) basin and orogen coupling;(4) regional bacground;(5) prototype basin topography;(6)evolutional process;(7) sedimentary reaction;(8) vertical distribution. Attention should be paid to the generality of the foreland basin while defining it; Importance should be attached to the individuality of the foreland basin when studying it.

Key words: foreland basin, intra-continent foreland basin, mid-west basin in China, definition base, research content, relations between basin and orogen, oil and gas exploration

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