四川盆地西北部栖霞组天然气差异成藏过程

doi:10.11743/ogg20200215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探近期获得重大突破，揭示出一个难得的冲断带-盆地系统不同构造区差异成藏典型实例。为及时总结成藏规律以供其他同类地质背景地区参考，也为下步勘探部署提供依据，本文主要从包裹体地球化学特征角度，结合其他成藏地质条件，开展了差异成藏过程研究。结果表明，以矿山梁、河湾场为代表的冲断带栖霞组储层充填大量沥青以及酸性流体沉淀矿物石英，经历了两期油气充注与一期破坏，含气性差。相比而言，以双鱼石为代表的冲断前锋带与以九龙山为代表的前缘隆起带储层沥青均欠发育，且以碱性流体沉淀矿物方解石充填为主，前者经历了两期油气充注，后者只经历了一期油气充注，含气性均相对较好。稳定保持是研究区大气藏形成的主要原因，冲断带前锋与前缘隆起随造山带推覆挤压应力减弱，虽然深大断裂欠发育导致深部下寒武统烃源岩供烃受限，但可以形成中二叠统腐泥腐殖混合型烃源岩的自生自储，稳定的构造环境有利于油气成藏后的稳定保持。盆山结合部凹陷区的深层—超深层油气勘探工作值得加以关注。

关键词: 油气成藏, 包裹体, 中二叠统, 前陆盆地, 冲断带-盆地系统, 龙门山

Abstract:

A great breakthrough has been made lately for natural gas exploration of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation, Northwestern Sichuan Basin, revealing a typical and unique case of differential hydrocarbon accumulation among different structural zones of the fold-thrust belt-basin system.Based on the analysis of geochemical characteristics of inclusions and geological conditions, we conducted the investigation of differential accumulation process, being of referential meaning to areas of similar geological setting, and of instructional significance to further exploration deployment in the study area.The results show that the Qixia Formation reservoirs in the fold-thrust belt represented by Kuangshanliang and Hewanchang areas are filled with plenty of bitumens and the quartz cements precipitated from acidic fluid following two-stage hydrocarbon charging and one-stage damage, leading to poor gas storage potential.In contrast, the reservoirs in the frontal zone of fold-thrust belt typically shown by Shuangyushi area and in the forebulge zone represented by Jiulongshan area, are filled with limited bitumen and quartz, but massive calcite cements precipitated from alkaline fluids.The former underwent two stages of hydrocarbon charging and one stage of hydrocarbon adjustment, while the latter only went through one-stage hydrocarbon charging, resulting in relatively good gas storage potential.Stable preservation is a critical factor controlling large gas accumulation formation.The underdevelopment of deeply-rooted large faults resulted in limited hydrocarbon charging from the deep Lower Cambrian source rocks under the impact of week compression stress in the frontal zone of fold-thrust belt and forebulge zone.However, the Middle Permian source rocks of sapropelic-humic types are favorable for the formation of self-sourced indigenous play.The stable tectonic setting is conducive to reservoir preservation.In all, the deep-ultra deep hydrocarbon exploration in sags of basin-mountain junction belts is worthy of more attention.

Key words: hydrocarbon accumulation, inclusion, Middle Permian, foreland basin, fold-thrust belt-basin system, Longmenshan

中图分类号:

TE122.1

罗冰,文龙,张亚,等. 四川盆地西北部栖霞组天然气差异成藏过程[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 393-406. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200215 Bing Luo,Long Wen,Ya Zhang,et al. Differential gas accumulation process of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation, Northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 393-406. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200215

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 47

1	Deming D , Chapman D S . Inversion of bottom-hole temperature data; the Pineview Field, Utah-Wyoming thrust belt[J]. Geophysics, 1988, 53 (5): 707- 720.
2	Brooks J.Classic petroleum provinces, Geological society special publication No.50[M]. London: The Geological Society.1990.37-54
3	Halbouty M T.Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1990-1999[M]. AAPG Memoir 78, 2003.15-105.
4	贾承造. 中国中西部前陆冲断带构造特征与天然气富集规律[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32 (4): 9- 15.
	Jia Chengzao . Foreland thrust-fold belt features and gas accumulation in Midwest China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32 (4): 9- 15.
5	管树巍, 李本亮, 侯连华, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘下盘掩伏构造油气勘探新领域[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2008, 35 (1): 17- 22.
	Guan Shuwei , Li Benliang , Hou Lianhua , et al. New hydrocarbon exploration areas in footwall covered structures in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2008, 35 (1): 17- 22.
6	Decelles P G , Gilest K A . Foreland basin systems[J]. Basin Research, 1996, 8, 105- 123.
7	Macclay K R.Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems[M]. AAPG Memoir 82, 2004.
8	何登发 , 贾承造 . 冲断构造与油气聚集[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32 (2): 55- 62.
	He Dengfa, Jia Chengzao.Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 32(2): 55-62.
9	Picha F J . Late orogenic faulting of the foreland plate:An important component of petroleum systems in orogenic belts and their forelands[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2011, 95 (6): 957- 981.
10	Covault J.A. , Hubbard S.M. , Graham S.A. , et al. Turbidite-reservoir architecture in complex foredeep-margin and wedge-top depocenters, Tertiary Molasse foreland basin system, Austria[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2009, 26, 379- 396.
11	Oppo D. , Capozzi R. , Picotti V. . A new model of the petroleum system in the Northern Apennines, Italy[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2013, 48, 57- 76.
12	Twaróg A. , Stefaniuk M. , Sechman H. , et al. Integrated analysis of geoelectric and surface geochemical data for exploration of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations(Carpathian Foredeep, SE Poland)[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018, 167, 524- 537.
13	宋岩, 赵孟军, 柳少波, 等. 中国3类前陆盆地油气成藏特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32 (3): 1- 6.
	Song Yan , Zhao Mengjun , Liu Shaobao , et al. Features of hydrocarbon accumulation in three types of foreland basins in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32 (3): 1- 6.
14	孙旭, 柯式镇, 尹成芳, 等. 川东北地区碳酸盐岩储层测井综合评价[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2017, 31 (4): 26- 29.
	Sun Xu , Ke Shizhen , Yin Chengfang , et al. Comprehensive log evaluation of carbonate reservoir in northeastern Sichuan area[J]. Petroleum Geology & Engineering, 2017, 31 (4): 26- 29.
15	于海跃, 尹伟, 刘君龙. 龙门山山前带侏罗系近源冲积体系沉积特征与成因模式[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26 (03): 273- 278.
	Yu Haiyue , Yin Wei , Liu Junlong . Sedimentary characteristics and genetic model of Jurassic alluvial deposits in piedmont zone of Longmen Mountain[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2019, 26 (03): 273- 278.
16	邓涛, 李勇, 王伟明, 等. 龙门山中段上三叠统须家河组三、四段砂体研究[J]. 断块油气田, 2018, 25 (3): 305- 309.
	Deng Tao , Li Yong , Wang Weiming , et al. Study of third and fourth sandstones of upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in middle Segment of Longmen Mountain area[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2018, 25 (3): 305- 309.
17	黎荣, 胡明毅, 杨威, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统沉积相模式及有利储集体分布[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40 (2): 369- 379.
	Li Rong , Hu Mingyi , Yang Wei , et al. Sedimentary facies model and favorable reservoir distribution of the Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40 (2): 369- 379.
18	王鼐, 魏国齐, 杨威, 等. 川西北构造样式特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21 (6): 26- 33.
	Wang Ding , Wei Guoqi , Yang Wei , et al. Characteristics and geological significance of structural patterns in Northwest Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21 (6): 26- 33.
19	罗志立, 金以钟, 朱夔玉, 等. 试论上扬子地台的峨眉地裂运动[J]. 地质论评, 1988, 34 (1): 11- 23.
	Luo Zhili , Jin Yizhong , Zhu Kuiyu , et al. On Emei Taphrogenesis of the upper Yangtze Platform[J]. Geological Review, 1998, 34 (1): 11- 23.
20	朱传庆, 徐明, 袁玉松, 等. 峨眉山玄武岩喷发在四川盆地的地热学响应[J]. 科学通报, 2010, 55 (6): 474- 482.
	Zhu Chuanqing , Xu Ming , Yuan Yuesong , et al. Palaeo-geothermal response and record of the effusing of Emeishan basalts in Sichuan basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55 (6): 474- 482.
21	Xiao D , Zhang B J , Tan X C , et al. Discovery of a shoal-controlled karst dolomite reservoir in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin, Southwest China[J]. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2018, 36 (4): 686- 704.
22	李英强.龙门山与四川盆地结合带的地质结构与成因机制[D].博士论文,中国地质大学(北京), 2018.
	Li Yingqiang.Geological Architecture and Formation Mechanism of the transitional zone between Longmenshan Mountains and Sichuan Basin[D]. Doctoral Thesis, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2018.
23	杨跃明, 文龙, 罗冰, 等. 四川盆地达州-开江古隆起沉积构造演化及油气成藏条件分析[J]. 天然气工业, 2016, 36 (8): 1- 10.
	Yang Yueming , Wen Long , Luo Bin , et al. Sedimentary tectonic evolution and reservoir-forming conditions of the Dazhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36 (8): 1- 10.
24	刘树根, 刘殊, 孙玮, 等. 绵阳-长宁拉张槽北段构造-沉积特征[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 45 (1): 1- 13.
	Liu Shugen , Liu Shu , Sun Wei , et al. Tectonic and sedimentary features of the northern Mianyang-Changning intracratinic sag, Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 2018, 45 (1): 1- 13.
25	李飞. 下扬子黄桥地区二叠系栖霞组成藏条件分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2017, 7 (3): 15- 19.
	Li Fei . Analysis of reservoir forming conditions of Permian Qixia formation in Huangqiao block of lower Yangtze area[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2017, 7 (3): 15- 19.
26	黄涵宇,何登发,李英强,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪梁山-栖霞组沉积盆地原型及其演化[J].岩石学报, 2017, 33(4):1317-1337.
	Huang Hanyu, He Dengfa, Li Yingqiang, et al.The prototype and its evolution of the Sichuan sedimentary basin and adjacent areas during Liangshan and Qixia stages in Permian[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 33(4): 1317-1337.
27	唐大海, 肖笛, 谭秀成, 等. 古岩溶地貌恢复及地质意义——以川西北中二叠统茅口组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43 (5): 689- 695.
	Tang Dahai , Xiao Di , Tan Xiucheng , et al. Restoration of paleokarst landform and its geological significance:A case from Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43 (5): 689- 695.
28	Lu J G , Ma J , Chen S J , et al. The geochemistry and origin of lower Permian gas in the northwestern Sichuan basin, SW China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 157, 906- 916.
29	戴金星, 倪云燕, 秦胜飞, 等. 四川盆地超深层天然气地球化学特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45 (4): 588- 597.
	Dai Jinxin , Ni Yunyan , Qin Shengfei , et al. Geochemical characteristics of ultra-deep natural gas in the Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45 (4): 588- 597.
30	赵靖舟. 油气成藏年代学研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17 (3): 378- 383.
	Zhao Jinzhou . Geochronology of petroleum accumulation:new advances and the future trend[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2002, 17 (3): 378- 383.
31	李延钧, 李其荣, 梁艳, 等. 应用烃类分段捕获原理研究油气运移聚集过程[J]. 天然气工业, 2007, 27 (6): 31- 34.
	Li Yanjun , Li Qiruo , Liang Yan , et al. Mechanism of natural gas accumulation in upper Triassic in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27 (6): 27- 30.
32	Goldstein R H, Reynolds T J.Systematics in Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Minerals.In: SEPM Short Course, 1994, 31: 1-199
33	江青春, 胡素云, 汪泽成, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统中-粗晶白云岩成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35 (4): 503- 510.
	Jiang Qingchun , Hu Suyun , Wang Zecheng , et al. Genesis of medium-macro-crystalline dolomite in the Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35 (4): 503- 510.
34	张辉, 胡望水, 李伟, 等. 川西北地区关键井埋藏特征及其沉降机制[J]. 能源与环保, 2017, 39 (12): 42- 47.
	Zhang Hui , Hu Wangshui , Li Wei , et al. Burial characteristics and its subsidence mechanism of key wells in northwest Sichuan Province[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection, 2017, 39 (12): 42- 47.
35	饶松, 朱传庆, 王强, 等. 四川盆地震旦系-下古生界烃源岩热演化模式及主控因素[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56 (5): 1549- 1559.
	Rao Song , Zhu Chuanqing , Wang Qiang , et al. Thermal evolution patterns of the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic source rocks in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56 (5): 1549- 1559.
36	张运周, 徐胜林, 陈洪德, 等. 川东北旺苍地区栖霞组地球化学特征及其古环境意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40 (2): 210- 217.
	Zhang Yunzhou , Xu Shenglin , Chen Hongde , et al. Geochemical characteristics and paleo-environmental implications of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in Wangcang, northern Sichuan[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40 (2): 210- 217.
37	刘君龙, 孙冬胜, 纪友亮, 等. 川西晚侏罗世前陆盆地浅水三角洲砂体分布特征与叠置模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39 (6): 1164- 1178.
	Liu Junlong , Sun Dongsheng , Ji Youliang , et al. Distribution characteristics and superimposition pattern of the Late Jurassic shallow water deltic sand body in the foreland basin of Western Sichuan Depression[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39 (6): 1164- 1178.
38	舒晓辉, 张军涛, 李国蓉, 等. 四川盆地北部栖霞组-茅口组热液白云岩特征与成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2012, 33 (3): 442- 448.
	Shu Xiaohui , Zhang Juntao , Li Guorong , et al. Characteristics and genesis of hydrothermal dolomites of Qixia and Maokou Formations in northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2012, 33 (3): 442- 448.
39	陈竹新, 李伟, 王丽宁, 等. 川西北地区构造地质结构与深层勘探层系分区[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019, 46 (2): 207- 218.
	Chen Zhuxin , Li Wei , Li Lining , et al. Structural geology and favorable exploration prospect belts in northwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46 (2): 207- 218.
40	Dutton, S.P.Calcite cement in Permian deep-water sandstones, Delaware Basin west Texas: origin, distribution, and effect on reservoir properties.AAPG Bulletin, 2008, 92(6): 765-787.
41	Schmidt J.S. , Menezes T.R. , Souza I.V.A.F. , et al. Comments on empirical conversion of solid bitumen refflctance for thermal maturity evaluation[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2019, 201, 44- 50.
42	沈平, 张健, 宋家荣, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统天然气勘探新突破的意义及有利勘探方向[J]. 天然气工业, 2015, 35 (7): 1- 9.
	Shen Ping , Zhang Jian , Song Jiaruo , et al. Significance of new breakthrough in and favourable targets of gas exploration in the Middle Permian system, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015, 35 (7): 1- 9.
43	黄东, 戴鑫, 戴赟, 等. 川西北部河湾场气田天然气地球化学特征及其气源探讨[J]. 天然气工业, 2011, 31 (3): 37- 40.
	Huang Dong , Dai Xin , Dai Bin , et al. Geochemical behaviors and gas origins in the Hewanchang Gas Field, northern part of the Western Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011, 31 (3): 37- 40.
44	陈竹新, 贾东, 魏国齐, 等. 龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探[J]. 地学前缘, 2005, 12 (4): 445- 450.
	Chen Zhuxin , Jia Dong , Wei Guoqi , et al. Structural analysis of Kuangshanliang in the northern Longmenshan fold-thrust belt and its hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12 (4): 445- 450.
45	Worden R H , Barclay S A . Internally-sourced quartz cement due to externally-derived CO₂ in sub-arkosic sandstones, North Sea[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2000, 69/70, 645- 649.
46	金之钧, 袁玉松, 刘全有, 等. J3-K1构造事件对南方海相源盖成藏要素的控制作用[J]. 中国科学:D辑:地球科学, 2012, 42 (12): 1791- 1801.
	Jin Zhijun , Yuan Yusong , Liu Quanyou , et al. Controls of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic event on source rocks and seals in marine sequences, South China[J]. Science China:Series D:Earth Sciences, 2013, 56 (2): 228- 239.
47	张本健, 王兴志, 王宇峰, 等. 川西北九龙山地区中二叠统储层裂缝特征及形成机制[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 46 (4): 497- 506.
	Zhang BenJian , Wang Xingzhi , Wang Yufeng , et al. Occurrence characteristics and formation mechanism of fractures in Middle Permian reservoirs in Jiulongshan area, Sichaun Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 2019, 46 (4): 497- 506.

[1]	翟常博, 林良彪, 尤东华, 刘冯斌, 刘思雨. 川西南地区中二叠统茅口组一段沉积微相特征及有机质富集模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 440-456.
[2]	雷文智, 陈冬霞, 王永诗, 巩建强, 邱贻博, 王翘楚, 成铭, 蔡晨阳. 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东部深层砂砾岩多类型油气藏成藏机理及模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 113-129.
[3]	杨小艺, 刘成林, 王飞龙, 李国雄, 冯德浩, 杨韬政, 何志斌, 苏加佳. 渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷西南洼古近系东营组超压分布特征及成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 96-112.
[4]	李勇, 朱治同, 吴鹏, 申陈州, 高计县. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界致密储层含气系统压力演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1568-1581.
[5]	王永诗, 巩建强, 陈冬霞, 邱贻博, 茆书巍, 雷文智, 杨怀宇, 王翘楚. 渤海湾盆地东营凹陷盐家地区深层砂砾岩油气藏相态演化及成藏过程[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(5): 1159-1172.
[6]	宋兴国, 陈石, 谢舟, 康鹏飞, 李婷, 杨明慧, 梁鑫鑫, 彭梓俊, 史绪凯. 塔里木盆地富满油田东部走滑断裂发育特征与油气成藏[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(2): 335-349.
[7]	韩月卿, 张军涛, 何治亮, 金振奎, 韩文彪, 高平, 郝运轻, 孙炜, 武重阳. 川西中二叠统栖霞组白云岩特征与成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(1): 75-88.
[8]	吴智平, 张勐, 张晓庆, 王迪, 程燕君. 渤海湾盆地“埕北-垦东”构造转换带形成演化及成藏特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(6): 1321-1333.
[9]	范彩伟, 刘爱群, 吴云鹏, 侯静娴. 莺歌海盆地乐东10区新近系黄流组储层天然气充注与超压演化史[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(6): 1370-1381.
[10]	唐勇, 宋永, 何文军, 赵龙, 杨海波, 赵长永, 郑孟林, 孙帅, 费李莹. 准噶尔叠合盆地复式油气成藏规律[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(1): 132-148.
[11]	郑见超, 李斌, 袁倩, 戚明辉, 尹中山, 彭军, 黄毅, 张烨毓. 塔里木盆地巴楚-塔北地区深层寒武系油气成藏过程与勘探方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(1): 79-91.
[12]	宋明水, 王永诗, 郝雪峰, 安天下. 渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系深层油气成藏系统及勘探潜力[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1243-1254.
[13]	李双建, 杨天博, 韩月卿, 高平, 沃玉进, 何治亮. 四川盆地中二叠统热液白云岩化作用及其储层改造意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1265-1280.
[14]	林波, 云露, 李海英, 肖重阳, 张旭, 廖茂辉, 韩俊, 王鹏, 徐学纯. 塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断层空间结构及其油气关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1344-1353, 1400.
[15]	陈家旭, 王斌, 郭小文, 曹自成, 刘永立, 耿锋, 张旭友, 徐豪, 赵建新. 应用方解石激光原位U-Pb同位素定年确定多旋回叠合盆地油气成藏绝对时间——以塔里木盆地塔河油田为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1365-1375.