中国气田的成藏特征分析

doi:10.11743/ogg20030201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于天然气与石油在成藏条件上的差异,天然气成藏运聚动平衡原理是研究天然气成藏特征的基本思路,可以聚集量与时间两大要素,总结中国气田复杂的成藏历程为:超晚期(新近纪—第四纪)生烃成藏型;晚期(古近纪—新近纪)生烃成藏型;早期(中生代为主)生烃聚集、晚期(新近纪—第四纪)定型成藏型;早期(中生代为主)生烃成藏型。综观中国气田的成藏历程,虽然在不同类型盆地中有较大差异,但是喜马拉雅期的构造演化历史对于中国天然气的成藏及分布有重要的控制作用。其作用可归结为促成与破坏,并以促成作用为主。目前中国天然气勘探的3个主要领域:中西部前陆盆地、三大克拉通复合盆地(四川、鄂尔多斯、塔里木)以及近海的裂谷、陆缘盆地,表明了以晚期、超晚期成藏、定型为主的盆地和坳陷是中国天然气最主要富集地区。

关键词: 中国, 天然气, 成藏特征, 运聚动平衡

Abstract:

There are some differences in reservoiring conditions between oil and natural gas, dynamic equilibrium theory of gas migration,accumulation and reservoiring would then be regarded as the basic method to study the reservoiring characteristics of natural gas. Two key factors,volume and time of gas accumulation, can be used to sum up the complicated reservoiring courses of gasfields in China, including: super-late (Neogene-Quaternary) hydrocarbon generating and resevoiring type; late (Eogene-Neogene) hydrocarbon generating reservoiring type; early (mainly in Mesozoic) hydrocarbon generation and accumulation,and lately (Neogene-Quaternary) reservoired and finalized; and early (mainly in Mesozoic) hydrocarbon generating and reservoiring type.Although there are great differences of reservoiring characteristics in different type basins, the tectonic evolutional history in Himalayan period has played an important role in controlling the reservoiring and distribution of natural gas in China, which can be concluded as promotion and destruction, and the former is dominant. There are currently three main regions of natural gas exploration in China, including foreland basins in west-central China, three large cratonic composite basins (Sichuan basin,Ordos basin and Tarim basin),and offshore rift and continental margin basins. The study shows that the most prolific regions in China are those basins and depressions which have dominantly been reservoired and finalized in late and super-late periods.

Key words: China, natural gas, reservoiring characteristics, dynamic equilibrium of migration and accumulation

中图分类号:

TE112

王庭斌. 中国气田的成藏特征分析[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2003, 24(2): 103-110. doi: 10.11743/ogg20030201 Wang Tingbin. RESERVORING CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF GASFIELDS IN CHINA[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2003, 24(2): 103-110. doi: 10.11743/ogg20030201

参考文献

[1] СокловВА.ПроцессыобразованияимиграцийНефтииГаза[M]. Москва: Недра,1965.276
[2] Leythaeuser D.Role of diffusion in primary of hydrocarbons[J].AAPG Bull,1982,66(4):408～429
[3] [苏] 维索茨基ИВ.天然气地质学[M].戴金星,吴少华译.北京:石油工业出版社,1986.1～33,196～211
[4] Welte D H.Migration of hydrocarbons facts and theory[R] .2nd IFP Exploration Research Conference.1987
[5] 王庭斌.天然气运移理论对我国天然气地质学建立的重要贡献[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):4～11
[6] 李明诚.石油与天然气运移(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.28～32,228～232
[7] 张义纲.天然气的生成聚集与保存[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1991.137～164
[8] 郝石生,陈章明.天然气藏的形成和保存[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.44～59
[9] 王庭斌.天然气调查研究系列及其研究思路[A].见:王庭斌主编.石油与天然气地质文集(第8集)[C].北京:地质出版社,1999.1～39
[10] 王庭斌.中国天然气理论进展与勘探战略[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):1～7
[11] 冯福凯,王庭斌,张士亚,等著.中国天然气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.1～51
[12] 戴金星,王庭斌,宋岩,等著.中国大中型气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.1～55,184～198
[13] 陈红汉,付新明,杨甲明.莺-琼盆地崖13-1气田成藏过程分析[J].石油学报,1997,18(4):12～31
[14] 黄春菊,陈开远,李思田.莺歌海盆地泥底辟活动期次分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):44～46
[15] 郝芳,邹华耀,黄保家.莺歌海盆地天然气生成模式及其成藏流体响应[J].中国科学(D 辑),2002,32(11):889～895
[16] 赵靖舟,戴金星.库车前陆逆冲带天然气成藏期与成藏史[J].石油学报,2002,23(2),6～10
[17] 顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气田形成条件及勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.15～20
[18] 戚厚发,关德师,钱贻伯,等著.中国生物气成藏条件[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.75～108
[19] 张义杰,柳广第.准噶尔盆地复合油气系统特征、演化与油气勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):36～39
[20] 马安来,包建平,王培荣,等.盐城凹陷天然气藏成因研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):42～44
[21] 陈安定,王文军,岳克功,等.苏北盆地盐城朱家墩气源及发现意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6),45～49
[22] 王庭斌.中国大中型气田勘探方向[A].见:王庭斌主编.石油与天然气地质文集(第7集)[C].北京:地质出版社,1998.1～33
[23] 郭正吾.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.10～15
[24] 顾家裕,周兴熙.塔里木盆地轮南潜山岩溶及油气分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.198～221
[25] 林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):16～23
[26] 张士亚.鄂尔多斯盆地天然气源及勘探方向[J].天然气工业,1994,14(3):1～4
[27] 林青,王培荣,金晓辉.塔中北斜坡塔中45井奥陶系油藏成藏史浅析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):5～7
[28] 王震亮,陈荷立.台北凹陷侏罗系油气运聚成藏历史分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):1～4
[29] Stahl W J.Carbon isotopes in petroleum geochemistry[A].In:Jager E,Hunziker J.Lectures in isotope geology[C].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1979.10～16