渝西大安地区五峰组-龙马溪组深层页岩微观孔隙结构与含气性控制因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20250116

Abstract

Abstract:

The Da’an area， located in western Chongqing within the Sichuan Basin， serves as a promising new target for deep shale gas exploration in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations. However， the pore microstructure characteristics of shale reservoirs in this area and their controlling effects on gas content are yet to be clarified， posing a challenge for shale gas exploration in depth. Using the analytical and test data from scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， low-temperature gas adsorption， and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） experiments， we investigate the features of pore microstructures of various lithofacies in deep shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations， as well as their controlling effects on the differences in gas content. The results indicate the presence of four lithofacies in deep-seated shales in the Da’an area： siliceous shales， mixed siliceous shales， clayey siliceous shales， and mixed clayey-siliceous shales. Pores in the shales are dominated by organic pores， followed by intercrystalline pores， dissolution pores， and interlayer pores in clay minerals. Meanwhile， fractures also observed in the shales consist of organic matter-filled fractures， interlayer fractures in clay minerals， and tectonic stress-induced fractures. Primary pore structures in the deep-seated shales include mesopores （pore size ranging from 2 to 50 nm） and macropores （pore size greater than 50 nm）. An increased total organic carbon （TOC） content is conducive to the development of micropores （pore size less than 2 nm） and macropores. In contrast， the elevated content of siliceous and clay minerals foster the formation of macropores and mesopores， respectively. The gas content of the deep shales is positively correlated with the TOC content and the siliceous mineral content， so does the macropore volume to gas content. Shales with a high siliceous content manifest the optimal gas-bearing properties， establishing them as the favorable lithofacies for the enrichment of deep shale gas. Moderately shallow shales in the Da’an area primarily contain micropores and mesopores， with adsorbed gas predominating. In contrast， deep-seated shales in the area principally exhibit mesopores and macropores and the predominance of free gas. The well-developed macropores create favorable conditions for free gas preservation， thus increasing the gas content in the deep-seated shales.

Key words: pore structure, gas content, Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, deep shale gas, Da’an area, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE132.2

Xinpei WANG, Chenglin LIU, Liwei JIANG, Dehao FENG, Chen ZOU, Fei LIU, Junjun LI, Yubo HE, Mingxiang DONG, Pengfei JIAO. Pore microstructure and its controlling effects on gas content of deep shale reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations， Da'an area， western Chongqing[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(1): 230-245.

Figures/Tables 16

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样品编号	井号	深度/m	TOC/%	孔隙度/ %	全岩矿物组分含量/ %						黏土矿物组分相对含量/%			含气量/（m³/t）
样品编号	井号	深度/m	TOC/%	孔隙度/ %	黏土	石英	长石	方解石	白云石	黄铁矿	I/S	I	C	含气量/（m³/t）
DA-1	DA1	4 369.95	6.40	3.50	15.1	60.2	2.4	7.9	9.7	4.7	16	78	6	8.29
DA-2	DA1	4 373.45	7.50	8.71	13.1	72.5	2.1	4.0	5.4	2.9	—	—	—	11.68
DA-3	DA101	4 358.27	3.02	5.47	44.5	30.1	7.0	8.5	6.4	3.5	26	50	24	2.39
DA-4	DA101	4 360.13	3.35	5.34	45.0	32.9	7.0	5.0	5.7	4.4	—	—	—	2.88
DA-5	DA101	4 361.48	2.31	5.16	42.8	24.9	5.6	7.0	5.6	14.1	—	—	—	4.19
DA-6	DA101	4 362.78	2.37	4.29	35.3	34.9	11.4	6.8	7.7	3.9	34	49	17	5.14
DA-7	DA101	4 382.85	2.76	3.95	39.0	39.4	7.9	5.3	4.7	3.7	33	50	17	4.93
DA-8	DA101	4 384.92	4.13	5.07	33.8	46.7	5.1	3.8	3.8	6.8	—	—	—	4.53
DA-9	DA101	4 386.23	3.00	4.10	34.1	47.4	6.1	3.1	4.6	4.7	—	—	—	4.63
DA-10	DA101	4 387.67	3.08	4.15	33.0	48.8	5.9	4.4	2.9	5.0	—	—	—	6.10
DA-11	DA101	4 388.69	4.69	5.47	26.6	45.2	5.2	7.7	8.0	7.3	—	—	—	4.74
DA-12	DA101	4 389.89	4.23	2.41	31.4	50.0	4.6	4.2	4.8	5.0	—	—	—	4.10
DA-13	DA101	4 393.33	3.36	5.74	37.8	47.4	4.5	1.4	2.7	6.2	—	—	—	4.68
DA-14	DA101	4 395.50	4.86	7.12	14.0	73.2	1.4	2.4	6.2	2.8	22	65	13	8.54
DA-15	DA101	4 397.18	5.11	6.86	17.3	46.4	4.8	11.7	10.3	9.5	29	63	8	8.78
DA-16	DA101	4 399.58	5.41	5.98	16.4	68.9	2.5	3.6	5.5	3.1	25	61	14	9.59
DA-17	DA103	4 426.79	4.76	6.20	24.6	54.5	3.0	5.9	7.1	4.9	36	54	10	7.50
DA-18	DA103	4 430.20	5.82	5.62	19.6	49.7	4.7	8.5	13.1	4.4	33	58	9	8.28

页岩相	微观孔隙类型
	有机质孔		晶间孔		溶蚀孔		层间孔		微裂缝
	发育程度	孔径/nm	发育程度	孔径/nm	发育程度	孔径/nm	发育程度	孔径/nm	发育程度	长度/μm
黏土质/硅质混合质页岩相	+	5 ~ 400	+ + +	10 ~ 180	+	10 ~ 280	+ + +	1 ~ 350	+	1 ~ 5
含黏土硅质页岩相	+ +	10 ~ 450	+ +	15 ~ 200	+ +	20 ~ 300	+ +	2 ~ 340	+	1 ~ 10
混合硅质页岩相	+ + +	10 ~ 500	+ +	35 ~ 170	+ +	10 ~ 420	+ +	2 ~ 320	+ +	1 ~ 8
硅质页岩相	+ + +	20 ~ 550	+	10 ~ 220	+ + +	5 ~ 500	+	4 ~ 360	+ + +	1 ~ 12

样品编号	页岩相	孔隙比表面积/（m²/g）		孔隙体积/（cm³/g）				孔隙体积占比/%
样品编号	页岩相	DFT	BET	微孔	介孔	宏孔	总孔	微孔	介孔	宏孔
DA-1	S-2	16.81	26.44	0.003 41	0.027 20	0.021 02	0.051 63	6.60	52.68	40.71
DA-2	S-1	20.33	30.44	0.003 98	0.028 90	0.022 10	0.054 99	7.24	52.56	40.20
DA-3	M-4	18.51	29.03	0.003 71	0.035 94	0.002 68	0.042 33	8.77	84.90	6.33
DA-4	M-4	20.26	31.76	0.004 05	0.036 98	0.002 54	0.043 57	9.31	84.86	5.83
DA-5	M-4	16.29	25.47	0.003 22	0.034 54	0.002 42	0.040 19	8.00	85.96	6.03
DA-6	M-4	15.49	23.19	0.003 01	0.030 77	0.001 89	0.035 67	8.45	86.25	5.30
DA-7	M-4	16.94	25.92	0.003 37	0.032 52	0.002 40	0.038 29	8.81	84.93	6.27
DA-8	S-4	19.26	28.18	0.003 60	0.033 21	0.003 61	0.040 42	8.91	82.16	8.93
DA-9	S-4	16.88	25.48	0.003 32	0.031 24	0.003 52	0.038 08	8.73	82.02	9.25
DA-10	S-4	17.80	26.08	0.003 43	0.032 49	0.002 94	0.038 86	8.82	83.62	7.56
DA-11	S-4	17.99	25.51	0.003 73	0.028 04	0.009 66	0.041 44	9.01	67.67	23.32
DA-12	S-4	9.45	14.43	0.004 91	0.016 06	0.004 90	0.025 86	18.97	62.08	18.95
DA-13	S-4	17.93	27.82	0.003 63	0.034 79	0.003 06	0.041 48	8.76	83.87	7.37
DA-14	S-1	16.04	22.41	0.003 08	0.020 95	0.018 61	0.042 64	7.22	49.13	43.65
DA-15	S-2	25.15	21.19	0.004 77	0.021 89	0.017 65	0.044 30	10.76	49.42	39.83
DA-16	S-2	16.49	25.13	0.003 29	0.026 51	0.011 49	0.041 28	7.96	64.21	27.83
DA-17	S-4	19.11	26.34	0.003 97	0.025 52	0.009 55	0.039 03	10.16	65.37	24.47
DA-18	S-2	20.59	28.69	0.004 47	0.025 93	0.010 93	0.041 33	10.81	62.75	26.44

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Pore microstructure and its controlling effects on gas content of deep shale reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations， Da'an area， western Chongqing

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