中国典型叠合盆地及其油气成藏研究新进展(之一)——叠合盆地划分与研究方法

doi:10.11743/ogg20050502

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据盆地形成演化历史及结构特征,将中国沉积盆地划分为单型与叠合型两大类。单型盆地的原型可以划分为克拉通盆地、拉张盆地和挤压盆地。2种或3种单型盆地的叠合可以形成若干不同的叠合盆地。叠合盆地油气成藏研究以成盆-成烃-成藏的动态过程分析为主线,在成盆方面,关键构造变革期的盆山耦合关系与盆地结构的形成和改造是研究的基础;在成烃方面,应加强古生代海相碳酸盐岩与优质烃源岩的发育环境、生排烃机理和效率的研究;在成藏方面,强调叠合盆地油气聚散机理与含油气系统演化。针对中国大地构造演化的多旋回性,采用波动分析方法是叠合盆地分析的有效方法之一。鉴于叠合盆地多源、多期油气运聚、调整成藏的特点,使用“元素-结构-功能”系统思想体系,提出了油气成藏体系的概念,采用“源-位”分类方案,建立了油气成藏体系的6种结构类型。

关键词: 单型盆地, 叠合盆地, 波动分析, 油气成藏体系

Abstract:

According to basin's evolutional history and structural features,the sedimentary basins in China can be divided into monotype and superimposed type basins.The prototypes of the monotype basins can further be divided into craton basins,extensional basins and compressional basins.Superposition of two or three kinds of monotype basins can result in various kinds of superimposed basins.Research of hydrocarbon accumulation in superimposed basins should focus on analyzing the dynamic process of basin formation-hydrocarbon generation-hydrocarbon accumulation.In respect of basin formation,basin-and-range coupling during the key tectonic movements and formation and reformation of basin structures are the bases of research.In respect of hydrocarbon generation,study of sedimentary environment of Paleozoic marine carbonates and good source rocks,and(mecha-)nisms and efficiencies of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion should be strengthened.In respect of hydrocarbon accumulation,emphasis must be placed on study of hydrocarbon accumulation and dissipation mechanisms,as well as evolution of petroleum systems.In view of the multicycle nature of geotectonic evolution in China,wave analysis is one of the effective methods that can be used to study superimposed basins.Whereas superimposed basins have the characteristics of multiple sources,multi-stage hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,multi-stage reservoiring and adjustment,the ideology of "element-structure-function" system is applied to propose the concept of reservoiring system,and the "source-location" classification scheme is used to establish 6 structural types of reservoiring system.

Key words: monotype basin, superimposed basin, wave analysis, hydrocarbon reservoiring system

中图分类号:

TE111.1

金之钧. 中国典型叠合盆地及其油气成藏研究新进展(之一)——叠合盆地划分与研究方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(5): 553-562. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050502 Jin Zhijun. New advancement in research of China's typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(Part I): classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(5): 553-562. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050502

参考文献

[1]Bally A W, Snelson S. Realms of subsidence[A]. In: Miall A D, ed. Facts and principles of world petroleum occurrence[C]. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geological Memoir,1980, 6: 9-94
[2]关士聪. 中国海陆变迁、海域沉积相与油气(晚元古代-三叠纪)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1984Guan Shicong. The change of sea and land, sedimentary facies in sea area and oil & gas in China(Late Paleozoic-Triassic)[M]. Beijing: Science Press,1984
[3]Selley R C. An Introduction to sedimentology[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1982
[4]Klemme H D. Petroleum basins-classifications and characteristics[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology,1980, (3): 187-207
[5]甘克文. 世界含油气盆地图说明书[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1992Gan Kewen. Instruction for the map of basins bearing oil and gas in the world[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,1982
[6]Dickinson W R. Plate tectonics and sedimentation[A]. In: Dickinson W R, ed. Tectonics and sedimentation[C]. SEPM Special Publication,1974, 22:1-27
[7]刘和甫. 中国沉积盆地演化与旋回动力学环境[J]. 地球科学--中国地质大学学报, 1996, 21(4): 345～356Liu Hefu. Cycle-geodynamic scenario and evolution of sedimentary basins in China[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996, 21(4): 345-356
[8]Landon S M. Interior rift basins[J]. AAPG Memoir,1994,59:1-276
[9]Macqueen R W, Leckie D A. Foreland basins and fold belts[J].AAPG Bull, 1992,55:1-460
[10]Maruyama S. Plume tectonics[J].Journal Geological Society Japan, 1994, 100(1): 24-49
[11]Lowell J D. Structural styles in petroleum exploration[M]. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Oil and Gas Consultants International Inc, 1985. 1-477
[12]刘和甫. 扭动构造分析与油气聚集[A].见:中国地质学会构造地质专业委员会.第二届全国构造地质学术会议论文选集(3)--中新生代构造[C]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982.131～141Liu Hefu. Structure analysis on the shear types and its implication in hydrocarbon[A].In: Structure Geology Committee of China Geology Academy, ed. Symposiums on the second structure geology conference in China:structure in Mesozoic and Cenozoic[C]. Beijing: Science Press, 1982. 131-141
[13]Ingersoll R V, Busby C J. Tectonics of sedimentary basins[A].In: Busby C J,Ingersoll R V, eds. Tectonics of sedimentary basins[C]. Cambridge:Blackwell Science, 1995
[14]Maill A D. Collision-related foreland basin[A]. In: Busby C J,Ingersoll R V, eds. Tectonics of sedimentary basins[C]. Cambridge:Blackwell Science, 1995
[15]王定一.改造型含油气盆地类型及研究思路[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):19～23Wang Dingyi. Research thinking and types of reformed petroliferous basins[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2000,21(1):19-23
[16]Gregory J W. The great rift valley[M].London: John Murray, 1986
[17]马杏垣, 刘和甫, 王维襄, 等. 中国东部中、新生代裂陷作用和伸展构造[J]. 地质学报, 1983, 57(1): 21～23Ma Xingyuan, Liu Hefu, Wang Weixiang, et al. Meso-Cenozoic taphrogeny and extensional tectonics in eastern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1983, 57(1): 21-23
[18]陈国达. 地台活化及其找矿意义[M].北京: 科学出版社, 1960Chen Guoda. The activation of the platform and its significance in mine exploration[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1960
[19]张文佑. 中国大地构造纲要[M].北京: 科学出版社, 1959Zhang Wenyou. The Program of geotectonics in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1959
[20]陈发景, 汪新文, 张光亚, 等. 中国中新生代前陆盆地的构造特征和地球动力学[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报, 1996,21(4): 366～374Chen Fajing, Wang Xinwen, Zhang Guangya, et al. Tectonic features and geodynamics of Mesozoic and Cenozoic foreland basins in China[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996,21(4): 366-374
[21]任纪舜, 牛宝贵, 刘志刚. 软碰撞、叠覆造山和多旋回缝合作用[J]. 地学前缘, 1999, 6(3): 85～93Ren Jishun, Niu Baogui, Liu Zhigang. Soft collision, superposition orogeny and polycyclic suturing[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1999, 6(3): 85-93
[22]金之钧, 汤良杰, 杨明慧, 等. 中国中西部地区中新生代陆内前陆盆地的主要特征[A]. 见: 中国石油勘探与生产公司.中国中西部前陆盆地冲断带油气勘探文集[C].北京: 石油工业出版社, 2002. 47～56Jin Zhijun, Tang Liangjie, Yang Minghui, et al. The main characteristics of the foreland basin of Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the middle and western of China[A]. In: China Petroleum Exploration and Production Corporation. Symposiums on the petroleum exploration in foreland thrust belts in the middle and western parts of China[C]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2002.47-56
[23]刘池洋,赵重远,杨兴科. 活动性强、深部作用活跃--中国沉积盆地的两个重要特点[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):5～10Liu Chiyang, Zhao Zhongyuan, Yang Xingke. Strong activity and active deep action: Two important features of Chinese sedimentary basins[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2000,21(1):5-10
[24]杨明慧,刘池洋.中国中西部类前陆盆地特征及含油气性[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):46～49Yang Minghui, Liu Chiyang. Characters of quasi-foreland basins in western-central China and their oil and gas potentical[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2000,21(1):46-49
[25]施比伊曼В И,张一伟,金之钧,等. 波动地质学在黄骅坳陷演化分析中的应用--再论地壳波状运动[J]. 石油学报,1994,15(专辑):19～26Vladimiz Shpilman, Zhang Yiwei, Jin Zhijun, et al. The application of wave geology in basin analysis in Huanghua depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1994,15(Suppl): 19-26
[26]吴文奎. 中国地壳波浪成矿的某些特点[J].西安地质学院学报,1983,(2):50～58Wu Wenkui. Some characteristic of mine-forming caused by crustal wavement in China[J]. Journal of Xi'an Geoscience Institute, 1983,(2): 50-58
[27]李京昌,金之钧,刘国臣,等. 100 Ma--塔里木盆地演化的重要周期[J]. 地学前缘,1997, 4(3～4):312～317Li Jingchang, Jin Zhijun, Liu Guochen, et al. 100 Ma-an important interval in the evolution of the Tarim basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geosciences,Beijing), 1997, 4(3-4): 312-317
[28]刘国臣,李京昌,金之钧, 等. 波动地质学研究中的资料收集与整理[J]. 石油大学学报,1994, 18(6):1～7Liu Guochen, Li Jingchang, Jin Zhijun, et al. Collection and sorting out of analysis data in wave geology[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 1994, 18(6): 1-7
[29]金之钧,李京昌,刘国臣. 米兰科维奇旋回识别问题[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3～4):22Jin Zhijun, Li Jingchang, Liu Guochen. Identification of Milankovitch cycle[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1997, 4(3-4): 22
[30]李京昌,金之钧,刘国臣. 盆地沉降史研究的新方法--波动分析[J]. 地球科学进展,1997, 12(5):479～483Li Jingchang, Jin Zhijun, Liu Guochen. A new method for studying basin sedimentation history: wave analysis[J]. Advance in Earth Science, 1997, 12(5): 479-483
[31]张一伟,李京昌,金之钧,等. 中国含油气盆地波状运动特征研究[J]. 地学前缘,1997, 4(3～4):306～311Zhang Yiwei, Li Jingchang, Jin Zhijun, et al. The characteristics of the crustal wave movement of the Chinese petroliferous basins[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1987, 4(3-4): 306- 311
[32]Raup D W, Sepkoski J J. Periodic extinction of family and genera[J]. Science, 1986, 231:833-836
[33]Waterhouse J. Chronostratigraphy for the world Permian[J]. AAPG Bull, 1978,(6):299-322
[34]史晓颖. 35 Ma--地质历史上一个重要的自然周期:自然临界的概念及其成因[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,1996, 21(3):235～242Shi Xiaoying. 35 Ma-an important natural periodicity in geological history: concept and causes of natural crisis[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996,21(3): 235-242
[35]徐道一. 地层的天文对比方法[A].见:吴瑞棠,张守信.现代地层学[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989.151～176Xu Daoyi. The astronomy comparison method of stratigraphy[A]. In: Wu Ruitang, Zhang Shouxin. Modern stratigraphy[C].Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1989. 151-176
[36]金之钧,刘国臣,李京昌,等. 塔里木盆地一级演化周期的识别及其意义[J].地学前缘,1998, 5(增刊):191～197Jin Zhijun, Liu Guochen, Li Jingchang, et al. Identification of the first order evolutionary cycles of Tarim basin and its significance[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1998, 5(S0): 191-197
[37]McLaren D. Bolides biostratigraphy[J]. Bull Geol Soc, 1983, 94:313-324
[38]张一伟. 山西西部箕状凹陷形成的探讨--初论地壳波状运动[J]. 石油学报,1983, 4(4):19～25Zhang Yiwei. On the formation of dustpan-shaped depressions in the western part of Shandong-a preliminary discussion on wave-like crustal movement[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1983, 4(4): 19-25
[39]庞雄奇,金之钧,姜振学,等. 叠合盆地油气资源评价问题及其研究意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2002, 29(1):9～13Pang Xiongqi, Jin Zhijun, Jiang Zhenxue, et al. Evaluation of hydrocarbon resources of superimposed basin and its significance[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 2002, 29(1): 9-13
[40]金之钧,张一伟,王捷,等.油气成藏机理与分布规律[M].北京: 石油工业出版社, 2003. 73～94Jin Zhijun, Zhang Yiwei, Wang Jie, et al. The accumulation mechanism and distribution regularity of oil and gas[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2003. 73-94
[41]黄第藩,赵孟军,张水昌. 塔里木盆地油气资源及勘探方向[J]. 新疆石油地质, 1999, 20(3):189～192Huang Difan, Zhao Mengjun, Zhang Shuichang. Oil and gas resources and exploration target in Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1999, 20(3):189-192
[42]佘晓宇,吴亚军,罗开平,等.利用地震层速度和声波时差预测盖层封闭能力[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):155～159She Xiaoyu,Wu Yajun,Luo Kaiping,et al,Application of seismic interval-velocity and acoustic time to predicting sealing capability of cap rocks[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,1999,20(2):155-159
[43]张水昌, 梁狄刚, 张宝民, 等. 塔里木盆地海相油气生成[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2004Zhang Shuichang, Liang Digang, Zhang Baoming,et al. The generation of marine petroleum in the Tarim basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2004