构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层

doi:10.11743/ogg20080510

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热液白云岩储层的岩石特征与密西西比 Pb-Zn 硫化矿床的白云岩容矿层相似,以广泛发育的基质交代型和孔-缝充填的鞍形白云石为标型特征,同时含有少量其他热液矿物如闪锌矿、方铅矿、石英、黄铁矿、重晶石以及萤石等,另外还经常可见被鞍形白云石充填的因剪切应力形成的微裂缝、斑马纹构造和白云岩角砾。由于热液流体对原碳酸盐岩(主要是灰岩)的差异性溶蚀,往往保留了未被充满的孔洞、缝,为油气的充注提供了空间。输导热液流体的断裂系统通常为张性或扭张性断裂系统,白云岩化作用主要发生在断裂系统的上盘,并沿着孔渗性相对较好的原岩侧向推进。借助于高分辨率地震属性分析和成像技术,可以对热液白云岩储层进行表征和预测,从而为油气勘探决策提供依据。

关键词: 伸展断层, 扭张断层, 构造控制, 热液白云岩, 白云岩储层

Abstract:

Sharing similar lithologic characteristics with dolomite seam hosting MVT Pb-Zn sulfide ores,hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs contains mainly massive-matrix-replacement dolomites and void-or fracture-filling saddle dolomite dotted with small amount of other hydrothermal ores,such as sphalerite,galena,quartz,pyrite, barite,and fluorite.Saddle dolomite-filling microfractures and zebra textures formed by shear stress and dolomite breccias are also common in these reservoirs.Unfilled vugs,fractures,and pores from differential dissolution of the original carbonates(mainly limestone)provide the necessary spaces for later hydrocarbon charges.The hydrothermal fluids preferentially flow upwards along the extensional and transtensional fault systems,where dolomitization preferentially occurs on the hanging walls and extends laterally in the course of fault propagation.The hydrothermal dolomite reservoir can be well characterized and predicted through high-resolution seismic attribute analysis and imaging.

Key words: extensional fault, transtensional fault, structural control, hydrothermal dolomite, dolomite reservoir

中图分类号:

TE122.2

陈代钊. 构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2008, 29(5): 614-622. doi: 10.11743/ogg20080510 Chen Daizhao. Structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2008, 29(5): 614-622. doi: 10.11743/ogg20080510

参考文献

[1] Hurley N F,Budros R.Albion-Scipio and Stoney Point fields-USA Michigan Basin[A].In:Beaumont E A,Fester N H,eds.Stratigraphie traps Ⅰ[C].AAPG Treatise Petrol Geol Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields,1990.1-37
[2] Wickstrom L H,Gray J D,Stieglitz R D.Stratigraphy,structure,and production history of the Trenton Limestone (Ordovician) and adjacent strata in northwestern Ohio[Z].Ohio Geol Survey Invest Report,1992,143:78
[3] Machel H G.Concepts and models of dolomitization:a critical reappraisal[A].In:Braithwaite C J R,Rizzi G,Darke G,eds.The geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs[C].Geol Soci(London) Special Publ,2004,235:7-63
[4] Davies G R,Smith B S Jr.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690
[5] Mountjoy E W,Halim-Dihardja M K.Multiple phase fracture and fault-contrulled burial dolomitization,Upper Devonian Wabamun Group,Alberta[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1991,61:590-612
[6] Dnggan J P,Mountjoy E W,Stasiuk L D.Fault controlled dolomitization at Swan Hills Simonette oil field (Devonian),deep basin west-central Alberta,Canada[J].Sedimentology,2001,48:301-323
[7] Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Large-scale fluid flow in the Middle Devonian Presqu'ile Barrier,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].Geology,1992,20:903-906
[8] Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Formation of coarsely crystalline,hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in the Presqu' lie Barrier,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78:55-77
[9] Middleton K,Coniglio M,Sherlock R,et al.Dolomitization of Middle Ordovician carbonate reservoirs,southwestern Ontario[J].Canad Petrol Geol Bull,1993,41:150-163
[10] Keith B D.Reservoirs resulting from facies-indepondent dolomitization:case histories from the Trenton and Black River carbonate rocks of the Great Lake areas[J].Carbonate and Evaporites,1986,1(1):74-82
[11] Coniglio M,Sherlock R,Williams-Jones A E,et al.Burial and hydrothermal diagenesis of Ordovician carbonates from the Michigan Basin,Ontario,Canada[A].In:Purser B,Tucker M E,Zenger D,eds.Dolomites[C].Int Assoc Sediment Special Publ,1994,21:231-254
[12] Cantrell D L,Swart P K,Hagerty B M.Genesis and characterization of dolomite,Arab-D reservoir,Ghawar field,Sandi Arabia[J].GeoArabia,2004,9(2):1-26
[13] 张涛,闫相宾.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):745～754
[14] 韩革华.漆立新.李宋杰,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):860～870.878
[15] 吕修祥,杨宁,解启来,等.塔中地区深部流体对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):284～289,296
[16] Chen D Z,Qing H R,Yang C.Multistage hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Devonian(Givetian) carbonates from Guilin area,South China[J].Sedimentology,2004,51:1029-1051
[17] White D E.Thermal waters of volcanic orgin[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,1957,68:1 637-1658
[18] Machel H G,Lonnee J.Hydrothermal dolomite-a product of poor definition and imagination[J].Sediment Geol,2002,152:163-171
[19] Braithwaite C J R,Rizz G.The geometry and petrogenesis of hydrothermal dolomites at Navan,Ireland[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:421-440
[20] Nielsen P,Swermen R,Muchez Ph,et al.Origin of Dinantian zebra dolomites south of the Braban-Wales Massif,Belgium[J].Sodimentology,1998,45:727-743
[21] Boni M,Parente G,Bechstadt T,et al.Hydrothermal dolomites in SW Sardinia(Italy):evidence for a widespread late-Variscan fluids flow event[J].Sed Geol,2000,131:181-200
[22] Radke B M,Mathis R L.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomite[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1980,50(4):1149-1168
[23] Gregg J M.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomitediscussion[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1983,53:1025-1033
[24] Machel H G.Saddle dolomite as a by-produet of chemical compaction and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Geology,1987,15:936-940
[25] Wallace M W,Both R A,Ruano S M,et al.Zebra textures from carbonate-hosted sulphide deposits:sheet cavity networks produced by fracture and solution enhancement[J].Econ Geol,1994,89:1183-1191
[26] Tarasewicz J P T,Woodcock H H,Dickson J A D.Carbonate dilation breccias:examples from the damage zone of the Dent fault,northwest England[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,2005,117:736-745
[27] Goldstein R H,Reynolds T J.Systematics of fluid inclusions in dingenetic minerals[M].SEPM Short Course,1994,31:199
[28] Bodnar R J.Revised equation and table for determination in the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1993,57:683-684
[29] Spencer R J.Origin of Ca-Cl brines in Devonian formations,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].Applied Geochem,1987,2:373-384
[30] Green D G,Mountjoy E W.Fauit and conduit controlled burial dolomitization of the Devonian west-central Alberta deep basin[J].Canad Petrol Geol Bull,2005,53(2):101-129
[31] Phillips W J.Hydraulic fracturing and mineralization[J].Jour Geol Soci(London),1972,128:337-359
[32] Knipe R J.The influence of fault zone processes and dingenesis on fluid flow[A].In:Horbury A D,Robinson A G,eds.Diagenesis and basin development[C].AAPG Studies in Geology,1993,36:135-151
[33] Steen Q,Sverdrup E,Hanssen T H.Predicting the distribution of small faults in hydrocarbon reservoirs by combining outcrop,seismic and well data[A].In:Jones G,Fisher Q J,Knipe R J,eds.Faulting,fault sealing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs[C].Geol Soci(London) Special Publ,1998,147:27-50
[34] Sylvester A G.Strike-slip faults[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,1988,100:1 666-1 703
[35] Connolly P,Cosgrove J.Prediction of fracture-induced permeability and fluid flow in the crust using experimental stress data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(5):757-777
[36] Woodcock N H,Fischer M.Strike-slip duplexes[J].Jour Struct Geol,1986,8:725-735
[37] Sibson R H.Faulting and fluid flow[A].ln:Nesbitt B E,ed.Fluids in tectonically active regimes of the continental crust[M].Mineral Assoc Canada Short Course Handbook,1990,18:93-132
[38] Lewis H,Couples D D.Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland-simulation of structural controls on mineralization[A].In:McCaffrey K,Lonergan L,Wilkinson J,eds.Fractures,fluid flow and mineralization[C].Geol Soci(London) Special Publ,1999,155:277-302
[39] Gize A P,Manning D A C.Aspects of the organic geochemistry and petrology of metalliferous ores[A].In:Engel M H,Macko S A,eds.Organic geochemistry,principles and applications[M].New York:Plenum Press,1993.565-577
[40] Sase-Gustkiewiez M.Internal sediment as a key to understanding the hydrothermal karst origin of the Upper Silesian Zn-Pb ore deposits[A].In:Sangster D F,ed.Carbonate-hosted lead-zine deposits[C].Soci Econ Geol Special Publ,1996,4:171-181
[41] Sagan J A,Hart B S.Three-dimensional seismic-based definition of fault-related porosity development:Trenton-Black River interval,Saybrook,Ohio[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1763-1785
[42] Russel B,Hampzon D,Scheulke J,et al.Multi-attribute analysis[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16:1439-1443