基于CT成像的白云岩储层孔喉非均质性分析——以塔东古城地区奥陶系GC601井鹰三段为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20200418

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 862-873.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200418

基于CT成像的白云岩储层孔喉非均质性分析——以塔东古城地区奥陶系GC601井鹰三段为例

朱可丹¹(), 张友², 林彤³, 王雅春^1,*(), 郑兴平², 朱琳⁴

1. 东北石油大学地球科学学院, 黑龙江大庆 163318
2. 中国石油杭州地质研究院, 浙江杭州 310023
3. 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院, 黑龙江大庆 163712
4. 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司第三采油厂, 黑龙江大庆 163113

收稿日期:2019-04-19 出版日期:2020-08-01 发布日期:2020-08-11
通讯作者: 王雅春 E-mail:redcloudszkd@163.com;dqpiwyc@163.com
第一作者简介:朱可丹(1991-),男,博士研究生,碳酸盐岩沉积储层。E-mail:redcloudszkd@163.com
基金项目:
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05004-002);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41802159)

Pore-throat heterogeneity in dolomite reservoirs based on CT imaging: A case study of the 3rd member of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Well GC601 in Gucheng area, eastern Tarim Basin

Kedan Zhu¹(), You Zhang², Tong Lin³, Yachun Wang^1,*(), Xingping Zheng², Lin Zhu⁴

1. School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China
2. Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, PetroChina, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
3. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., PetroChina, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, China
4. The 3 rd Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., PetroChina, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163113, China

Received:2019-04-19 Online:2020-08-01 Published:2020-08-11
Contact: Yachun Wang E-mail:redcloudszkd@163.com;dqpiwyc@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

白云岩储层的孔喉非均质性主要表现为孔喉结构及展布特征复杂，常规储层表征方法对其进行微观定量化表征存在很大难度。利用CT成像技术对塔东古城地区奥陶系（鹰山组）鹰三段的9个白云岩储层样品进行实验测试，建立了孔喉结构的三维网络模型，并在此基础上计算了孔喉半径、孔喉数量、总孔隙度、空间连通性等表征参数。实验结果表明，白云岩储层样品孔喉半径分布曲线呈现出明显差异。依据曲线形态特征，将其分为3类：①正常单主峰型；②喉道多峰、孔隙单主峰型；③喉道多峰、孔隙多峰型。结合岩心观察和铸体薄片鉴定，对该三类曲线形态的成因展开了分析，并建立了孔喉半径分布模式。综合分析认为，以晶间孔为主要孔隙类型的白云岩储层，孔喉半径曲线整体上呈现出较匀称的单主峰偏态分布特征，局部微裂缝的发育会造成喉道半径曲线上主峰旁较小的尖峰；若存在孔隙沿层理面等残余沉积构造定向富集的现象，则喉道半径曲线会呈现出明显的多峰形态；随着溶蚀作用增强、晶间溶孔的增多，孔喉半径分布曲线均会向多峰形态发展，表现出越来越强的非均质性。

关键词: CT成像技术, 孔喉半径分布模式, 孔喉非均质性表征, 白云岩储层, 鹰山组, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The pore-throat heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs is mainly reflected by their complex structure and distribution that are difficult to sufficiently and quantitatively analyze with conventional reservoir characterization methods.In this study, nine samples from dolomite reservoirs in the 3rd member of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation (Ying 3 member), Gucheng area, eastern Tarim Basin, were CT scanned to establish a 3D network model for the pore-throats.Such reservoir parameters as pore-throat radius, pore and throat numbers, total porosity, spatial connectivity, and etc., were calculated based on the model.The results show obvious differences among the pore-throat radius distribution curves for the samples.These curves can then be grouped into three categories in terms of shape features, that is, Type Ⅰ, the normal unimodal curve; Type Ⅱ, the unimodal curve for pores and multi-modal curve for throats; and Type Ⅲ, the multi-modal curve for both pores and throats.The genesis of the curves was analyzed and pore-throat radius distribution patterns were set up based on core observation and casting thin section identification of the samples.In conclusion, the pore-throat radius distribution curves for dolomite reservoirs dominated by intra-crystalline pores are generally evenly skewed unimodal distribution, except for some tinny peaks beside the main summits caused by the development of local micro-fractures.The curves may show obvious multiple summits with pores converging along some residual sedimentary structures such as bedding surfaces.All the curves may show the multi-modal distribution with increasing numbers of inter-crystalline dissolved pores under stronger dissolution that indicates high heterogeneity of reservoirs.

Key words: CT imaging technology, pattern of pore-throat radius distribution, pore-throat heterogeneity characterization, dolomite reservoir, Yingshan Formation, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

朱可丹,张友,林彤,等. 基于CT成像的白云岩储层孔喉非均质性分析——以塔东古城地区奥陶系GC601井鹰三段为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 862-873. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200418 Kedan Zhu,You Zhang,Tong Lin,et al. Pore-throat heterogeneity in dolomite reservoirs based on CT imaging: A case study of the 3rd member of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Well GC601 in Gucheng area, eastern Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 862-873. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200418

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 25

1	刘策, 张义杰, 李洪辉, 等. 塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系鹰山组层序地层划分及其地质意义[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2017, 41 (1): 82- 96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2017.01.009
	Liu Ce , Zhang Yijie , Li Honghui , et al. Sequence stratigraphy classification and its geologic implications of Ordovician Yingshan formation in Gucheng area, Tarim basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2017, 41 (1): 82- 96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2017.01.009
2	王招明, 杨海军, 齐英敏, 等. 塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系天然气勘探重大突破及其启示[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34 (1): 1- 9. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.01.001
	Wang Zhaoming , Yang Haijun , Qi Yingmin , et al. Ordovician gas exploration breakthrough in the Gucheng lower uplift of the Tarim Basin and its enlightenment[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34 (1): 1- 9. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.01.001
3	厉玉乐, 王显东, 孙效东, 等. 古城低凸起构造演化及有利勘探方向[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2014, 33 (5): 97- 102. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2014.05.016
	Li Yule , Wang Xiandong , Sun Xiaodong , et al. Structural evolution and favorable exploration direction for Gucheng Low Uplift[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2014, 33 (5): 97- 102. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2014.05.016
4	冯曦, 彭先, 李隆新, 等. 碳酸盐岩气藏储层非均质性对水侵差异化的影响[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38 (6): 67- 75.
	Feng Xi , Peng Xian , Li Longxin , et al. The influence of reservoir heterogeneity on water invasion differentiation in carbonate gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38 (6): 67- 75.
5	Al-Khulaifi Y , Lin Q , Blunt M J , et al. Reservoir-condition pore-scale imaging of dolomite reaction with supercritical CO2 acidified brine:Effect of pore-structure on reaction rate using velocity distribution analysis[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2018, 68, 99- 111. doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11.011
6	Hussein D, Lawrence J, Rashid F, et al.Developing pore size distribution models in heterogeneous carbonates using especially nuclear magnetic resonance[C]//Engineering in Chalk.Proceedings of the Chalk 2018 Conference.London: ICE Publishing, 2018: 529-534.
7	Sok R M , Knackstedt M A , Varslot T , et al. Pore scale characterization of carbonates at multiple scales:Integration of Micro-CT, BSEM, and FIBSEM[J]. Petrophysics, 2010, 51 (6): 1- 12.
8	李俊键, 刘洋, 高亚军, 等. 微观孔喉结构非均质性对剩余油分布形态的影响[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45 (6): 1043- 1052.
	Li Junjian , Liu Yang , Gao Yajun , et al. Effects of microscopic pore structure heterogeneity on the distribution and morphology of remaining oil[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45 (6): 1043- 1052.
9	李传亮, 朱苏阳, 聂旷, 等. 恒速压汞不能确定孔喉比[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2016, 28 (6): 134- 139. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2016.06.018
	Li Chuanliang , Zhu Suyang , Nie Kuang , et al. Pore-throat ratio cannot be determined by constant-speedmercury injection method[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2016, 28 (6): 134- 139. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2016.06.018
10	张天付, 寿建峰, 郑兴平, 等. 川东北下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩孔喉的空间展布与刻画[J]. 古地理学报, 2012, 14 (2): 187- 196.
	Zhang Tianfu , Shou Jianfeng , Zheng Xingping , et al. Spatial distribution and characterization of pore and throat of oolitic dolostone of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in northeastern Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2012, 14 (2): 187- 196.
11	郑剑锋, 陈永权, 倪新锋, 等. 基于CT成像技术的塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩储层微观表征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27 (5): 780- 789.
	Zheng Jianfeng , Chen Yongquan , Ni Xinfeng , et al. Microstructure characterization based on CT imaging technology of Cambrian dolomite reservoir in Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27 (5): 780- 789.
12	白斌, 朱如凯, 吴松涛, 等. 非常规油气致密储层微观孔喉结构表征新技术及意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2014, 19 (3): 78- 86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2014.03.010
	Bai Bin , Zhu Rukai , Wu Songtao , et al. New Micro-throatstructural characterization techniques for unconventional tight hydrocarbon reservoir[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014, 19 (3): 78- 86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2014.03.010
13	蒋裕强, 陈林, 蒋婵, 等. 致密储层孔隙结构表征技术及发展趋势[J]. 地质科技情报, 2014, 33 (3): 63- 70.
	Jiang Yuqiang , Chen Lin , Jiang Chan , et al. Characterization techniques and trends of the pore structure of tight reservoir[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2014, 33 (3): 63- 70.
14	焦堃, 姚素平, 吴浩, 等. 页岩气储层孔隙系统表征方法研究进展[J]. 高校地质学报, 2014, 20 (1): 151- 161. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7493.2014.01.015
	Jiao Kun , Yao Suping , Wu Hao , et al. Advances in characterization of pore system of gas shales[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2014, 20 (1): 151- 161. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7493.2014.01.015
15	白斌, 朱如凯, 吴松涛, 等. 利用多尺度CT成像表征致密砂岩微观孔喉结构[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40 (3): 329- 333.
	Bai Bin , Zhu Rukai , Wu Songtao , et al. Multi-scale method of Nano(Micro)-CT study on microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40 (3): 329- 333.
16	代榕, 罗顺社, 吕奇奇, 等. 苏里格气田致密砂岩微观孔喉分布及流动特征[J]. 地质科技情报, 2017, 36 (3): 144- 149.
	Dai Rong , Luo Shunshe , Lü Qiqi , et al. Porethroat distribution and flow characteristics of tight sandstone in Sulige Gasfield[J]. Geolo-gical Science and Technology Information, 2017, 36 (3): 144- 149.
17	孙卫, 史成恩, 赵惊蛰, 等. X-CT扫描成像技术在特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理研究中的应用[J]. 地质学报, 2006, 80 (5): 775- 779. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.05.020
	Sun Wei , Shi Chengen , Zhao Jingzhe , et al. Application of X-CT scanned image technique in the research of micro-pore texture and percolation mechanism in ultar-premeable oil field[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80 (5): 775- 779. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.05.020
18	Arns C H , Bauget F , Limaye A , et al. Pore scale characterization of carbonates using X-ray microtomography[J]. SPE Journal, 2005, 10 (4): 475- 484.
19	Hebert V , Garing C , Luquot L , et al. Multi-scale X-ray tomography analysis of carbonate porosity[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2014, 406 (1): 61- 79.
20	Devarapalli R S , Islam A , Faisal T F , et al. Micro-CT and FIB-SEM imaging and pore structure characterization of dolomite rock at multiple scales[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2017, 10 (16): 361. doi: 10.1007/s12517-017-3120-z
21	Youssef S, Rosenberg E, Gland N F, et al.High resolution CT and pore-network models to assess petrophysical properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous carbonates[C].SPE/EAGE Reservoir characterization and simulation conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007: 1-12.
22	佘敏, 寿建峰, 郑兴平, 等. 基于CT成像的三维高精度储集层表征技术及应用[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2011, (6): 664- 666.
	She Min , Shou Jianfeng , Zheng Xingping , et al. 3Dhigh resolution re-servoir characterization technique based on ct imaging and application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2011, (6): 664- 666.
23	Thompson K E , Willson C S , White C D , et al. Application of a new grain-based reconstruction algorithm to microtomography images for quantitative characterization and flow modeling[J]. SPE Journal, 2008, 13 (02): 164- 176.
24	张天付, 熊冉, 韦东晓, 等. 浅议储层地质研究中的CT技术[J]. CT理论与应用研究, 2018, (2): 213- 226.
	Zhang TF , Xiong R , Wei DX , et al. The discussion on CT technique application in reservoirs geology[J]. CT Theory and Applications, 2018, 27 (2): 213- 226.
25	Anselmetti F S , Luthi S , Eberli G P . Quantitative characterization of carbonate pore systems by digital image analysis[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1998, 82 (10): 1815- 1836.

样品编号	柱塞直径/mm	岩性	孔隙类型	主要镜下结构特征
Ⅰ	25	浅灰色细-中晶白云岩	晶间孔和少量裂缝	白云石晶体半自形-自形,晶间孔多被渗流粉砂充填
Ⅱ	25	浅灰色细-中晶白云岩	晶间孔和裂缝	白云石晶体它形-半自形,残余颗粒结构,晶间孔边缘存在溶蚀现象,局部见微裂缝
Ⅲ	25	浅灰色中晶白云岩	晶间溶孔和裂缝	白云石晶体半自形-自形,残余颗粒结构,晶间孔边缘存在溶蚀现象,亮晶方解石充填孔洞
Ⅳ	25	灰色细晶白云岩	少量晶间孔	白云石晶体半自形-自形,晶间孔多被黑色泥质充填,残余颗粒结构
Ⅴ	25	浅灰色细-中晶白云岩	晶间孔和裂缝	白云石晶体它形-半自形,残余颗粒结构,较多晶间孔被黑色泥质充填
Ⅵ	25	岩溶浅灰色中晶白云岩	晶间孔和少量裂缝	白云石晶体半自形-自形,残余颗粒结构,晶间孔边缘存在溶蚀,部分晶间孔被黑色泥质充填
Ⅶ	25	浅灰色细晶白云岩	晶间孔和溶蚀孔洞	白云石晶体半自形-自形,残余颗粒结构,晶间孔多被黑色泥质充填,有溶蚀现象
Ⅷ	15	浅灰色中晶白云岩	晶间孔和溶蚀孔洞	白云石晶体半自形-自形,残余颗粒结构,晶间孔边缘存在溶蚀现象
Ⅸ	25	花斑状浅灰色中晶白云岩	晶间孔和少量裂缝	白云石晶体半自形-自形,自形程度有渐变趋势,晶间孔有溶蚀现象,残余颗粒结构

样品编号			Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ
样品	分辨率/μm		8	8	8	8	8	8	8	6	8
	定量计算区体积/ (10⁹ μm³)		226.98	262.14	314.43	250.04	226.98	287.50	274.63	456.53	287.50
	孔隙度/%		3.48	10.07	6.29	0.73	2.06	2.40	5.03	3.68	2.71
	连通体积百分比/%		36.33	99.61	99.87	79.18	44.08	24.05	79.05	51.40	30.62
孔隙	数量/个		14 707	14 391	9 530	3 461	7 644	5 927	3 595	1 221	6 506
	体积/(10⁶ μm³)		2 867	9 562	7 121	8 916	1 873	2 809	5 405	2 446	3 066
	半径/μm	平均	18.45	28.90	24.31	13.66	17.06	20.67	27.42	39.06	20.08
		最小	3.53	3.88	3.74	2.78	3.66	3.60	3.38	3.06	3.41
		最大	63.29	156.50	445.90	46.59	98.86	143.00	401.70	180.60	187.60
喉道	数量/个		20 060	18 020	14 193	552	4 696	2 897	4 390	1 215	4 357
	体积/(10⁶ μm³)		1 164.2	3 817.9	2 970.2	35.8	510.8	683.5	1 654.0	1 192.2	892.0
	半径/μm	平均	13.40	19.12	23.37	10.18	12.42	19.33	34.25	28.86	17.40
		最小	3.26	3.13	3.19	2.64	3.49	3.48	3.21	3.07	3.24
		最大	55.76	102.00	216.50	32.26	71.98	89.08	276.20	136.40	103.30

[1]	韩鹏远, 丁文龙, 杨德彬, 张娟, 马海陇, 王生晖. 塔里木盆地塔河油田S80走滑断裂发育特征及其对奥陶系储层的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 770-786.
[2]	张艳秋, 陈红汉, 王燮培, 王彭, 苏丹梅, 谢舟. 塔里木盆地富满油田走滑断裂带通源性评价[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 787-800.
[3]	丁文龙, 李云涛, 韩俊, 黄诚, 王来源, 孟庆修. 碳酸盐岩储层高精度构造应力场模拟与裂缝多参数分布预测方法及其应用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 827-851.
[4]	曹自成, 云露, 漆立新, 李海英, 韩俊, 耿锋, 林波, 陈菁萍, 黄诚, 毛庆言. 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北84X井超千米含油气重大发现及其意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 341-356.
[5]	杨德彬, 鲁新便, 鲍典, 曹飞, 汪彦, 王明, 谢润成. 塔里木盆地北部奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏成因类型及特征再认识[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 357-366.
[6]	张长建, 杨德彬, 蒋林, 姜应兵, 昌琪, 马雪健. 塔里木盆地塔河北部“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体发育特征及其成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 367-383.
[7]	江同文, 邓兴梁, 曹鹏, 常少英. 塔里木盆地富满断控破碎体油藏储集类型特征与注水替油效果[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 542-552.
[8]	牛月萌, 韩俊, 余一欣, 黄诚, 林波, 杨帆, 余浪, 陈俊宇. 塔里木盆地顺北西部地区火成岩侵入体发育特征及其与断裂耦合关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 231-242.
[9]	张三, 金强, 史今雄, 胡明毅, 段梦悦, 李永强, 张旭栋, 程付启. 塔北地区奥陶系地下河溶洞充填规律与储集性能[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1582-1594.
[10]	康志江, 张冬梅, 张振坤, 王睿奇, 姜文斌, 刘坤岩. 深层缝洞型油藏井间连通路径智能预测技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(5): 1290-1299.
[11]	胡伟, 徐婷, 杨阳, 伦增珉, 李宗宇, 康志江, 赵瑞明, 梅胜文. 塔里木盆地超深油气藏流体相行为变化特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1044-1053.
[12]	张坦, 姚威, 赵永强, 周雨双, 黄继文, 范昕禹, 罗宇. 塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组年代标尺及地层剥蚀厚度精细计算[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1054-1066.
[13]	郭宏辉, 冯建伟, 赵力彬. 塔里木盆地博孜—大北地区被动走滑构造特征及其对裂缝发育的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 962-975.
[14]	李斌, 赵星星, 邬光辉, 韩剑发, 关宝珠, 沈春光. 塔里木盆地塔中Ⅱ区奥陶系油气差异富集模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(2): 308-320.
[15]	张红波, 周雨双, 沙旭光, 邓尚, 沈向存, 姜忠正. 塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断裂隆起段发育特征与演化机制[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(2): 321-334.

基于CT成像的白云岩储层孔喉非均质性分析——以塔东古城地区奥陶系GC601井鹰三段为例

Pore-throat heterogeneity in dolomite reservoirs based on CT imaging: A case study of the 3rd member of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Well GC601 in Gucheng area, eastern Tarim Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 25

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics