页岩层序划分的界面沉积标志及地球化学指示

doi:10.11743/ogg20170312

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 524-533.doi: 10.11743/ogg20170312

页岩层序划分的界面沉积标志及地球化学指示

魏琳^1,4, 许文国², 杨仓³, 黄一舟⁴, 王乾右⁴, 王兴龙⁵

1. 中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249;
2. 中国石化胜利油田分公司西部新区研究院, 山东东营 257000;
3. 中国石油尼罗河公司, 北京 100034;
4. 中国石油大学(北京) 非常规天然气研究院, 北京 102249;
5. 中海油研究院, 北京 100028

收稿日期:2016-11-15 修回日期:2017-04-20 出版日期:2017-06-28 发布日期:2017-07-10
第一作者简介:魏琳(1989-),女,博士、助理研究员,非常规油气地质。E-mail:wei.sherry1989@gmail.com
基金项目:
中国石油大学（北京）科研基金项目（2462017YJRC009）；国家科技重大专项（2007ZX05035）；国家自然科学基金重大项目（41690133）。

Sedimentary boundary markers and geochemical indexes of shale sequence stratigraphy

Wei Lin^1,4, Xu Wenguo², Yang Cang³, Huang Yizhou⁴, Wang Qianyou⁴, Wang Xinglong⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
2. Research Institute of New District in West China, SINOPEC, Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China;
3. CNPC International(Nile) Ltd., Beijing 100034, China;
4. Unconventional Natural Gas Institute, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
5. CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China

Received:2016-11-15 Revised:2017-04-20 Online:2017-06-28 Published:2017-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 页岩油气勘探需解决的一个基础核心问题是建立富有机质页岩高精度岩相层序，准确预测页岩甜点段。受页岩沉积相对连续与特征变化难识别等因素控制，页岩地层层序关键界面识别难度较大。文章通过国内外文献调研，结合北美和国内部分页岩沉积储层实例特征，指出在页岩沉积中的相对较浅区域，小型冲刷面、低角度的页岩层断面、软质沉积物变形、壳质纹层和冲断构造碎屑等沉积特征的出现是层序边界的重要沉积学指示。对应等时地层中未出现以上明显剥蚀面的连续页岩层沉积，岩相组合转换面、不同类型滞留沉积物、黄铁矿鲕粒层或磷酸盐结核面，加之配合指示氧化-还原条件（有机地化参数、无机微量/主量元素等）及有机物/矿物富集变化规律（有机质丰度、沉积物密度、矿物成分含量等）的地球化学指标可综合判断层序边界或最大海泛面。文章结合国内外实例，详细总结梳理了在测井资料辅助下，使用沉积学特征和地球化学参数分析判断层序界面的关键问题和理论解释，提倡在页岩层序地层划分中，利用钻测井曲线和岩相组合划分三级层序，并结合使用沉积特征和地球化学参数准确搭建四级及以上高频层序格架。

关键词: 剥蚀面, 沉积特征, 地球化学, 层序地层学, 海相页岩

Abstract: One of the key issues in shale oil and gas exploration is to establish a high-precision sequence stratigraphy to accurately predict sweet spots.The relative lithological continuousness and subtle character varations of shale sediments have made it difficult to define key boundaries between sequences.This paper,based on a comprehensive investigation of case studies of shale reservoirs both in the North America and China,suggests that occurrences such as relatively shallow water facies,small scour surface,low-angle shale beds truncation,deformed soft sediments,shelly laminae and thrust clastics in shale,can be viewed as important sedimentary markers of sequence boundaries.For formations without the above-mentioned markers but of the same geological timing,the paper suggests that to recognize the sequence boundaries or the maximum flooding surface,the following proxies and methods should be applied:geochemical indexes such as redox conditions (e.g.organic geochemical parameters,inorganic trace/dominant element ratios) and organic matter/mineral accumulation patterns (e.g.organic matter content,sediment density,and mineral content),combined with observations of lithology facies interfaces,different types of lag deposits,pyrite ooids and phosphate nodules.The paper summaries the commonly acknowledged sedimentary features and geochemical indexes for sequence stratigraphy division with the help of well-logging data analyses,and proposes that,by using well-logging data,lithofacies combinations,sedimentary features and geochemical parameters,it is workable to divide third-order sequences and establish higher order of sequence stratigraphy.

Key words: erosion surface, sedimentary feature, geochemistry, sequence stratigraphy, marine shale

中图分类号:

TE121.1

魏琳,许文国,杨仓,等. 页岩层序划分的界面沉积标志及地球化学指示[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(3): 524-533. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170312 Wei Lin,Xu Wenguo,Yang Cang,et al. Sedimentary boundary markers and geochemical indexes of shale sequence stratigraphy[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(3): 524-533. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170312

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页岩层序划分的界面沉积标志及地球化学指示

Sedimentary boundary markers and geochemical indexes of shale sequence stratigraphy

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