石油与天然气地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 325-340.doi: 10.11743/ogg20220207
徐亮1,2,3(), 杨威1,2(), 姜振学1,2, 陈冬霞1,4, 王耀华1,2, 鲁健康1,2, 赵明珠1,2, 李兰1,2
收稿日期:
2020-10-28
修回日期:
2022-01-20
出版日期:
2022-04-01
发布日期:
2022-03-11
通讯作者:
杨威
E-mail:2062198594@qq.com;yangw@cup.edu.cn
作者简介:
徐亮(1995—),男,助理工程师,非常规油气储层地质评价。E?mail: 基金资助:
Liang Xu1,2,3(), Wei Yang1,2(), Zhenxue Jiang1,2, Dongxia Chen1,4, Yaohua Wang1,2, Jiankang Lu1,2, Mingzhu Zhao1,2, Lan Li1,2
Received:
2020-10-28
Revised:
2022-01-20
Online:
2022-04-01
Published:
2022-03-11
Contact:
Wei Yang
E-mail:2062198594@qq.com;yangw@cup.edu.cn
摘要:
以川西坳陷须家河组陆相页岩为例,通过场发射扫描电镜与EDS能谱相结合的方法有效识别出固体沥青、镜质体和惰质体三大显微组分,以及油沥青、焦沥青、结构镜质体、无结构镜质体、镜屑体、丝质体、半丝质体、惰屑体、菌类体等显微亚组分。扫描电镜下不同类型有机质孔隙发育程度差异大,有机粘土复合体中的固体沥青孔隙最为发育,其次为单独片状分布的固体沥青,镜质体和惰质体孔隙发育较差,主要以残余原生孔隙为主。受显微组分生烃潜力差异的控制,从固体沥青、镜质体到惰质体,三者的碳元素质量百分比依次增大,生烃潜力依次变差,成孔能力也依次变差;受粘土矿物催化作用的控制,随着伊利石含量增加,粘土矿物的比催化活度增加,可促进伊利石附近的固体沥青大量发育孔隙。仿真地层热模拟实验表明,不同有机显微组分孔隙演化差异大:随成熟度增加,固体沥青发育大量蜂窝状孔隙,面孔率不断增大,后期由于生烃枯竭导致面孔率逐渐减小;而镜质体和惰质体的孔隙发育较差,其原生孔隙还随成熟度的增加迅速减少。但镜质体和惰质体中广泛发育的微裂缝连通了沥青孔和其他无机孔,形成了微观孔-缝网络系统,提高了页岩储层的储集和渗流能力。
中图分类号:
表1
四川盆地川西坳陷须五段页岩岩心样品基本数据"
样品编号 | 井号 | 深度/m | TOC/% | Ro/% | 干酪根类型 | 粘土矿物含量/% | 伊利石含量/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HF-02 | 新页HF-1井 | 2 715.45 | 2.47 | 1.96 | Ⅲ型 | 51.48 | 21 |
HF-05 | 新页HF-1井 | 2 725.16 | 2.15 | 1.93 | Ⅲ型 | 45.26 | 18 |
HF-12 | 新页HF-2井 | 2 736.45 | 1.96 | 2.05 | Ⅲ型 | 53.96 | 26 |
HF-16 | 新页HF-2井 | 2 743.12 | 1.06 | 1.91 | Ⅲ型 | 65.68 | 39 |
LD-05 | 乐地1井 | 1 825.45 | 1.23 | 1.85 | Ⅲ型 | 72.78 | 29 |
LD-74 | 乐地1井 | 1 875.32 | 1.26 | 1.76 | Ⅲ型 | 58.16 | 25 |
LD-18 | 乐地1井 | 1 895.47 | 2.14 | 1.95 | Ⅲ型 | 54.23 | 23 |
表3
四川盆地川西坳陷须五段页岩不同有机质显微组分综合识别标志"
显微组分 | 亚组分 | 扫描电镜下特征 | EDS能谱特征(元素质量百分比/%) |
---|---|---|---|
镜质体 | 结构镜质体 | 黑色,网格状,具细胞结构,致密均匀无孔隙,突起较低 | C: 75 ~ 85 O: <10 |
无结构镜质体 | 黑色,条带状,无细胞结构,致密均匀,边缘发育少量孔隙,横断微裂缝,突起较低 | ||
镜屑体 | 黑色,呈星状、弧状以及角状,致密均匀,偶见椭圆形孔隙,突起较低 | ||
惰质体 | 丝质体 | 灰黑色,网格状,具细胞结构,胞腔大,偶见细密孔隙,突起高 | C: 80 ~ 90 O: >10 |
半丝质体 | 灰黑色,具残留丝质体结构,可见少量残余孔隙,突起高 | ||
惰屑体 | 灰黑色,与镜屑体相似,呈星状、弧状以及角状,突起高 | ||
菌类体 | 灰黑色,突起异常高,呈椭圆形,中部零星可见椭圆形收缩孔 | ||
固体沥青 | 油沥青 | 黑灰色,无固定形状,充填状,形似胶结物,突起极低,偶见收缩孔 | C: 50 ~ 60 |
焦沥青 | 黑灰色,无固定形状,充填状,形似胶结物,突起极低,蜂窝状孔隙 | O: <15 |
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