石油与天然气地质 ›› 2011, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 489-498.doi: 10.11743/ogg20110401

• 石油与天然气地质 •    下一篇

海相碳酸盐岩优质储层形成机理与分布预测

  

  • 出版日期:2011-08-28 发布日期:2011-09-26

Forming mechanism and distribution prediction of quality marine carbonate reservoirs

  • Online:2011-08-28 Published:2011-09-26

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被引次数

63

摘要：

摘要：针对碳酸盐岩储层具有易溶蚀、易充填和成因、演化复杂的特点，以塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系、川东北二叠系-三叠系为主要对象，开展了环境描述、形成机理、发育模式和分布预测的研究，取得了以下三方面的认识。①不同条件下碳酸盐岩溶蚀能力对比实验表明，不同岩性、岩石结构、流体介质、添加物加入在开放与封闭状态下，碳酸盐岩溶蚀行为差异很大，但基本上遵循碳酸盐岩溶解—沉淀的“溶蚀窗”规律。②碳酸盐岩储层总体上受控于环境与地质作用过程两大条件。通过对不同类型储集体“五因素”（构造、地层、岩相、流体、时间）的剖析，表明不同地区和层系的储层分别具有各自特有的成因特点、主控因素和分布规律。③海相碳酸盐岩储层预测面临复杂地表—构造、埋深大、形态复杂、非均质性强等不利条件，通过“以岩石物理分析为基础，提高地震资料处理技术水平，利用井—震结合，厘清不同类型碳酸盐岩储层地质特征和地球物理响应特征，建立碳酸盐岩储层的地球物理响应模式，分析其非线性特征，揭示储层内部的不连续性、不规则性，定量计算储层物性和含油气性”技术路线的实施，可以有效预测优质碳酸盐岩储层的空间分布。关键词：岩溶储层；白云岩储层；礁滩储层；成因机理；碳酸盐岩；塔里木盆地；四川盆地

关键词: 关键词：岩溶储层, 白云岩储层, 礁滩储层, 成因机理, 碳酸盐岩, 塔里木盆地, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Abstract: Marine carbonate reservoirs are characterized by high propensity for dissolution and filling and complexity of genesis and evolution. We performed description of sedimentary environment, study of forming mechanism and development models, and prediction of distribution of carbonate reservoirs in the CambrianOrdovician in Tarim Basin and the PermianTriassic in Northeastern Sichuan Basin, and came to the following three conclusions. First, the behaviors of carbonates dissolution are quite different depending on lithologies, structures, fluids and fillings as well as the system being open or closed. However, they still obey the law of “dissolution window”. Secondly，carbonate reservoirs are principally controlled by sedimentary environment and diagenetic process. Analysis of five influential factors including structures，stratigraphy，lithofacies，fluids and forming time shows that reservoirs in different areas and different layers are different in genesis，controlling factors and distributing characteristics. Thirdly，the geophysical prediction for carbonate reservoirs are confronted with complex surface conditions, complicated structures，great burial depth，complicated geometry and strong heterogeneity. However, the spatial distribution of highquality carbonate reservoirs can be predicted effectively by utilizing the integrated predicting methods including petrophysical characteristic analysis of logging data，processing of highresolution 3D seismic data，calibration of seismic data with well data, differentiation of geological and geophysical characteristics of different types of reservoirs，construction of the model of the geophysical response to carbonate reservoirs，demonstration of the discontinuity and irregularity of reservoirs，as well as quantitative calculation of the physical parameters and the hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs.

Key words: karst reservoir, dolomite reservoir, reefbank reservoir, forming mechanism, carbonates, rock, Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin