麦盖提斜坡东部构造带奥陶系岩相、成岩作用带与储层成因

doi:10.11743/ogg20140614

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡碳酸盐岩2口区探井断裂样式、地层特征、沉积亚(微)相、成岩作用、储集体特征等详细研究,得出以下认识.鹰山组为一套开阔台地的台内滩-滩间海的沉积,蓬莱坝组为局限台地的云坪、云灰坪及粒屑滩沉积.中、下奥陶统成岩作用主要有海底胶结、早期大气淡水溶解与胶结、压实与压溶、两期表生大气水岩溶、埋藏作用和热液改造作用等.受多期构造运动影响,开放与相对封闭的成岩相带可存在于同一碳酸盐岩层段中,前者厚度小、层段多,后者厚度大,层段少.储层受多期不整合面、断裂、裂隙以及水-岩相互作用等因素的控制,有效储集体的成岩序列为海底胶结作用-压实、压溶作用-二期表生大气水岩溶作用-埋藏溶蚀及热水(液)作用等.岩溶相带储层主要发育于在断褶带顶部、褶皱翼部断裂带或断裂与高频层序界面的叠加带,是一种多期构造控制下的渗流带与落水洞叠加的岩溶模式.

关键词: 沉积亚相, 成岩作用带, 碳酸盐岩, 奥陶系, 麦盖提斜坡, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: Through the detailed research of fracture style, strata feature, sedimentary facies (microfacies), diagenisis process and reservoir characteristics of two exploratory wells in carbonate rocks of Maigaiti slope, the following conclusions can be obtained. The Yingshan Formation consists of a set of intra-platform beaches-inter-beach seas of open platform, and the Penglaiba Formation consists of dolomite flat, dolomite-limestone flat and granule shoal. The diagentic processes in Lower and Middle Ordovician mainly include submarine cementation, early atmospheric fresh water dissolution and cementation, compaction and pressure solution, two periods of atmospheric water karstification, burial and hydrothermal modification. Due to the influence of multiphase tectonic movements, open and relative closed diagenetic facies could coexist in the same limestone. The open diagenetic facies feature in small thickness and multiple intervals. In contrast, the closed diagenetic facies is characterized by large thickness and less intervals. The quality of reservoir was controlled by muti-phases unconformities, faults, fractures and water-rock interaction, so the effective reservoir diagenetic sequences were submarine cementation, compaction and pressure solution-two periods atmospheric water karstification, buried dissolution and hydrothermal reformation. Karst reservoir facies zones were mainly distributed in the superimposed tectonic belt between fault fold top, folding wing or fracture with high frequency sequence boundary, and show a karstification model featuring in superimposition of vadose zone and water hole under the control of multiphase tectonic movements.

Key words: sedimentary subfacies, diagentic belt, carbonate, Ordovician, Maigaiti slope, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

钱一雄,余腾孝,周凌方,等. 麦盖提斜坡东部构造带奥陶系岩相、成岩作用带与储层成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(6): 870-882. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140614 Qian Yixiong,Yu Tengxiao,Zhou Linfang,et al. Lithofacies, diagenesis zone and reservoir origin of the Ordovician in eastern tectonic belt of the Maigaiti slope[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(6): 870-882. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140614

参考文献

[1] Robert G.l.Paleocave carbonate reservoirs:origins,burial-depth modifications,spatial complexity,and reservoir implications [J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(6):1795-1831.
[2] Budd D A,Saller A H,Harris P M.Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,63(1):35-123.
[3] Eduard Kosa,David W Hunt.Heterogeneity in fill and properties of karst-modified syn-depotionsition faults:Upper Permian Capitan platform,New Mexico,U.S.A[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(1):131-151.
[4] Julia F W,Gale,Leonel A,et al.Late opening-mode fractures in karst-brecciated dolostones of the Lower Ordovician Ellenburger Group,west Texas:recognition,characterization,and implications for fluid flow[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):1005-1023.
[5] 赵文智,沈安江,潘文庆,等.碳酸盐岩岩溶储层类型研究及对勘探的指导意义-以塔里木盆地岩溶储层为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3213-3222. Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Pan Wenqing,et al.A research on carbonate karst reservoir classification and its implication on hydrocarbon exploration:Cases studies from Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3213-3222.
[6] 陈洪德,张锦泉,叶德胜,等.新疆塔里木盆地北部古岩溶储集体特征及控油作用[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994: 27-77. Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinquan,Ye Desheng,et al.The palaeo-karstification(weathering crust)reservoir characteristics and its controlled on pool-formation in the Northern of Tarim basin,XingJiang[M].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1994:27-77.
[7] 张涛,蔡希源.塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1125-1134. Zhang Tao,Cai Xiyuan.Caledonian paleo-karstificati0n and its characteristics in Tahe area,Tarim Basin [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1125-1134.
[8] Sean A,Guiday,Mark Grasmueck,et al.Karst and early fracture networks in carbonates,Turks and Caicos islands,British West Indies [J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(3):508-524.
[9] 罗开平,范明,刘运黎,等.受力状态下白云岩溶蚀实验及其地质意义[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(4):451-453. Luo Kaiping,Fan Ming,Liu Yunli,et al.Experiment of dolomite dissolution in stress stute and its geologic significance[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2012,34(4):451-453.
[10] 乔占峰,沈安江,邹伟宏,等.断裂控制的非暴露型大气水岩溶作用模式-以塔北英买2构造奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].地质学报,2011,85(12):2070-2083. Qiao Zhenfeng,Shen Anjiang,Zou Weihong,et al.A fault-controlled Non-exposed Meteoric karstification-A case study of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir at structure YM2 in Northern Tarim Basin[J].Northwestern China,2011,85(12):2070-2083.
[11] 马晓强,侯加根,胡向阳,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系断控型大气水岩溶储层结构研究[J].地质论评,2013,59(3):521-532. Ma Xiaoqiang,Hou Jiagen,Hu Xiangyang,et al.Framework of fault controlled Meteoric Palaeokarst Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield.Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2013,59(3):521-532.
[12] 吕海涛,张仲培,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地巴楚一麦盖提地区早古生代古隆起的演化及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):76-83. Lv Haitao,Zhang Zhongpei,Shao Zhibin,et al.Structural evolution and exploration significance of the Early Paleozoic palaeouplifts in Bachu-Maigaiti area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(1):76-83.
[13] 崔海峰,卫平生,张年春,等.麦盖提斜坡西段奥陶系岩溶储层分布特征及勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2010,(6):34-39. Cui Haifeng,Wei Pingsheng,Zhang Nianchun,et al.The distribution and exploration significance of Ordovician Karst reservoir in Western Maigaiti slope[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2010,(6):34-39.
[14] 张年春,黄思静,崔海峰,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡西段奥陶系古潜山储层研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,38(2):169-174. Zhang Nianchun,Huang Sijing,Cui Haifeng,et al.Research on seismic features of Ordovician Paleo-buried hill of the west section of Maigaiti slope,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of ChengDu University of technology (Science & Technology Edition),2011,38(2):169-174.
[15] 张仲培,刘士林,杨子玉,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡构造演化及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):909-918. Zhang Zhongpei,Liu Shilin,Yang Ziyu,et al.Tectonic evolution and its petroleum geological significances of the Maigaiti Slope,Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(6):909-918.
[16] 邬光辉,李洪辉,张立平,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡奥陶系风化壳成藏条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):144-153. Wu Guanghui,Li Honghui,Zhang Liping,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions of the Ordovician weathering crust in the Maigaiti slope,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):144-153.
[17] 丁文龙,漆立新,云露,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化及其对奥陶系储层发育的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2542-2556. Ding Wenlong,Qi Lixin,Yun Lu,et al.The tectonic evolution and its controlling effects on the development of Ordovician reservoir in Bachu-Markit,Tarim basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2542-2556.
[18] 云金表,周波,王书荣.塔里木盆地玉北1 井背斜带变形特征与形成机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(2):215-19. Yun Jinbiao,Zhou bo,Wang Shurong.Deformation characteristics and forming mechanism of the Well Yubei 1 anticline belt in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013,34(2):215-219.
[19] 黄太柱.塔里木盆地玉北地区断裂系统解析[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):98-106. Huang Taizhu.Analysis on the fault system of Yubei region,Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(1):98-106.
[20] 刘忠宝,吴仕强,刘士林,等.塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系储层类型及主控因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):638-646. Liu Zhongbao,Wu Shiqiang,Liu Shilin,et al.Types and main controlling factors of Ordovician reservoirs in Yubei area,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34 (4):638-646.
[21] 乔桂林,钱一雄,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系鹰山组储层特征及岩溶模式[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):416-421. Qiao Guilin,Qian Yixiong,Cao Zicheng,et al.Reservoir characteristics and karst model of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Yubei area,Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment.2014,36(4):416-421.
[22] Erik Flugel.Microfacies of carbonate rocks[M].Spinger-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2004:657-724.
[23] 中国石油勘探与生产分公司.碳酸盐岩油气藏测井评价技术及应用[M].北京:石油出版社,2009:105-123. The exploration and production company of.PetroChina.Application for the logging technology of carbonate reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:105-123.
[24] 余和中,钱玲,韩守华,等.张裂型褶皱下中和面顺层张裂区:一类有利储层发育区——兼谈塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩溶蚀储层的发育特征[J].海相油气地质,2013,18(2):51-55. Yu Hezhong,Qian Ling,Han Shouhua,et al.Bedding tensional zone of the lower neutral plane in tensional fold:a favorable reservoir development area,,also on development characteristics of karst reservoirs Tarim Basin[J]Marine Origin Peteoleum Geology,2013,18(2):51-55.
[25] 王琪,史基安,陈国俊.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩演化与储层形成关系[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):548-555. Wang Qi,Shi Jian,Chen Guojun.Characteristics of diagenetic environments of carbonate rocks in western Tarim basin and their controls on the reservoir property[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(4):548-555.
[26] Loucks R G.Understanding the development of breccias and fractures in 0rdovician carbonate reservoirs[J].Texas Geological Society Publication,2001,03:231-252.
[27] Moore C H.Carbonate reservoires:porosity evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Publication,2001.
[28] 蒲俊兵,袁道先.Karst Hyporheic Zone及其研究进展[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(1)7-13. Pu Junbing,Yuan Daoxian.Karst Hyporheic Zone and the scientific progress[J].Carsologica Sinica,2013,32(1):7-13.