柴北缘深层天然气成藏条件及有利勘探方向

doi:10.11743/ogg20190515

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柴北缘深层天然气勘探程度低，资源潜力大，天然气成藏条件及勘探方向尚不明确，制约了天然气勘探进程。基于地震、地质、地化及钻井等资料的研究，从烃源岩、储层、构造及输导体系等方面，综合分析了柴北缘深层天然气藏的成藏条件，结合已有勘探成果和地质条件，指出了深层天然气有利勘探方向。结果表明，深层侏罗系分布广，阿尔金山前西段存在侏罗系生烃凹陷，深层高-过成熟度烃源岩生气潜力大；基岩风化壳和次生孔隙发育的碎屑岩可作为深层有效储层，基岩储层物性不受深度控制，深层发育碎屑岩优质储层；广泛分布的以断裂为主的输导体系有利于超深层烃源岩生成的天然气纵向和横向运移；多期构造活动使得柴北缘深层形成多种类型的圈闭，烃源岩持续生烃有利于这些深层圈闭早期、多期成藏。在以上研究成果基础上，指出深大断裂发育的生烃凹陷周围圈闭是深层天然气聚集有利区，盆缘古隆起以及晚期构造带上大型背斜圈闭层具有良好的勘探前景，其中阿尔金山前深层是最现实的勘探领域。

关键词: 成藏条件, 输导体系, 基岩储层, 深层气藏, 侏罗系, 柴达木盆地北缘

Abstract: The potential of deep natural gas resources is great at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin,but it is lower in exploration maturity.The gas accumulation conditions and plays for exploration are still to be revealed,restricting the exploration progress of natural gas.Given studies on seismic,geological,geochemical and drilling data,we analyzed the conditions for gas accumulation in deep strata at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin comprehensively in terms of source rock,reservoir,structure,and carrier system,and pointed out the favorable plays for deep gas exploration based on the existing exploration results and geological conditions.The results show that due to the widespread distribution of the Jurassic,a new Jurassic hydrocarbon generation depression is discovered in the western segment of the piedmont of Altun Mountain,featuring high potential of hydrocarbon generation in the deep high-to-over-mature source rocks.Both the weathering crust of bedrocks and clastic rocks with well-developed secondary pores may serve as the effective reservoirs in deep horizons:the physical properties of the former are not controlled by depth,and the latter were well developed characterized by high quality in deep horizons.The fracture-dominated carrier system of wide distribution is conducive to the vertical and horizontal migration of natural gas generated from ultra-deep source rocks.Multi-stage tectonic activities have led to the formation of multiple types of traps in deep layers at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin; meanwhile the continuous hydrocarbon generation of source rocks have facilitated the earlier,multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation in these deep traps.In view of the above results,it is concluded that the traps around the hydrocarbon generation sag with well-developed deep large faults are favorable for deep gas accumulation,and the paleo-uplift at the basin margin and the large-scale anticlinal traps in the late tectonic zone are prospective areas for hydrocarbon exploration,with the deep layers in the piedmont of the Altun Mountain being the most prospective one.

Key words: accumulation condition, carrier system, bedrock reservoir, deep gas reservoir, Jurassic, northern margin of the Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

田继先,李剑,曾旭,等. 柴北缘深层天然气成藏条件及有利勘探方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(5): 1095-1105. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190515 Tian Jixian,Li Jian,Zeng Xu,et al. Accumulation conditions and favorable plays for deep gas exploration at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(5): 1095-1105. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190515

参考文献

[1] 王宇,苏劲,王凯,等.全球深层油气分布特征及聚集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2012,03:526-534. Wang Yu,Jin Sun Jin,Wang Kai,et al.Distribution and accumulation of global deep oil and gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(3):526-534.
[2] 白国平,曹斌风.全球深层油气藏及其分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,01:19-25. Bai Guoping,Cao Binfeng.Characteristics and distribution patterns of deep petroleum accumulations in the world[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(1):19-25.
[3] 孙龙德,邹才能,朱如凯,等.中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,06:641-649. Sun Longde,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation,distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China[J].Petroleum Exploration & Development,2013,40(6):687-695.
[4] 贾承造,庞雄奇.深层油气地质理论研究进展与主要发展方向[J].石油学报,2015,3:1457-1469. Jia Chenzao,Pang Xiongqi.Research processes and main development directions of deep hydrocarbon geological theories[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,12:1457-1469.
[5] 赵文智,王兆云,张水昌,等,有机质"接力成气"模式的提出及其在勘探中的意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):01-07. Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Zhaoyun,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Successive generation of natural gas from organic materials and its significance in future exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):127.
[6] 朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802. Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential of deep reservoirs in china[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):793-802.
[7] Tian J,Li J,Pan C,et al.Geochemical characteristics and factors controlling natural gas accumulation in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering,2018.160:219-228.
[8] 田继先,孙平,张林,等.柴达木盆地北缘山前带平台地区天然气成藏条件及勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(4):526-531. Tian Jixian,Sun Ping,Zhang Lin,et al.Accumulation conditions of natural gas and exploration domains in Pingtai area,piedmont zone of the North Qaidam[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(4):526-531.
[9] 曹正林,孙秀建,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金山前东坪-牛东斜坡带天然气成藏条件[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1125-1131. Cao Zhenglin,Sun Xiujian,Wang Liqun,et al.The gas accumulation conditions of Dongping-Niudong slope area in front of Aerjin mountain of Qaidam basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6):1125-1131.
[10] 马峰,乐幸福,王朴,等.柴达木盆地煤型气成藏条件及勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,2014,03:87-94. Ma Feng,Le Xinfu,Wang Pu,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration domain of coal-type gas in Qaidam Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,03:87-94.
[11] 张正刚,袁剑英,陈启林.柴北缘地区油气成藏模式与成藏规律[J].天然气地球科学,2006,05:649-652. Zhang Zhengang,Yuan,Jianying,Chen Qiling.Reservoiring patterns and accumulation regularity in northern of qaidam basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,05:649-652.
[12] 田光荣,阎存凤,妥进才,等.柴达木盆地柴北缘煤成气晚期成藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(6):1028-1032. Tian Guangrong,Yan Cunfeng,Tuo Jincai,et al.Late hydrocarbon accumulation characteristic of coal related gas in northern Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(6):1028-1032.
[13] 付锁堂,汪立群,徐子远,等.柴北缘深层气藏形成的地质条件及有利勘探区带[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(6):841-846. Fu Suotang,Wang Liqun,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Geological conditions of deep gas pools and their favorable prospects[J].Natural Gas Geoscie-nce,2009,20(6):851-846.
[14] 曾旭,田继先,周飞,等.柴达木盆地中东部深层天然气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(1):32-35 Zeng Xu,Tian Jixian,Zhou Fei,et al.Deep gas accumulation conditions and exploration targets in central eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleun Geology,2015,36(1):32-35.
[15] Yin A,Dang Y Q,Zhang M,Chen X H,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(part 3):structural geology,sedimentation,and regional tectonic reconstruction[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2008,120(7),847-876.
[16] Yin A,Dang Y Q,Wang L Q,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam Basin and its surrounding regions(Part 1):The southern Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt and norhern Qaidam Basin[J].GAS Bull,2008,120,813-846.
[17] 翟志伟,张永庶,杨红梅,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系有效烃源岩特征及油气聚集规律[J].天然气工业,2013,33(9):36-42. Zhai Zhiwei,Zhang Yongshu,Yang Hongmei,et al.Characteristics of effective source rocks in the Jurassic and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in the areas near the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(9):36-42.
[18] 罗群.柴北缘西部油气藏分布与成藏特征[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(1):10-13. Luo Qun.The distribution of petroleum reservoirs and the hydrocarbon accumulation in West part of northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(1):10-13.
[19] 田继先,李剑,曾旭,等.柴达木盆地北缘天然气地球化学特征及其石油地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(2):355-362. Tian Jixian,Li Jian,Zeng Xu,et al.Geochemical characteristics and petroleum geologic significance of natural gas in the north margin of the Qaidam Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2017,38(2):355-362.
[20] Guo Z Q,Ma Y S,Liu W H,et al.Main factors controlling the formation of basement hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin,western China[J].Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering,2016,149:244-255.
[21] 金振奎,齐聪伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系沉积相[J].古地理学报,2006,02:199-210. Jin Zhenkui,Qi Congwei,Xue Jianqin,et al.Sedimentary facies of the Jurassic in northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):199-210.
[22] 陈吉,史基安,龙国徽,等.柴北缘古近系-新近系沉积相特征及沉积模式[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2013,03:16-26. Chen Ji,Shi Jian,Long Guohui,et al.Sedimentary facies and models for the Palaeogene-Neogene deposits on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin,Qinghai[J].Sedimentary Geology & Tethyan Geology,2013,03:16-26.