石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1310-1320.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200619
邓模1(), 段新国2, 翟常博1, 龙胜祥3,4, 杨振恒1, 郑伦举1, 李章畅2, 曹涛涛5,*()
收稿日期:
2018-09-17
出版日期:
2020-12-28
发布日期:
2020-12-09
通讯作者:
曹涛涛
E-mail:dengmo.syky@sinopec.com;515165359@163.com
作者简介:
邓模(1983-),男,高级工程师,页岩气地质评价。E-mail:基金资助:
Mo Deng1(), Xinguo Duan2, Changbo Zhai1, Shengxiang Long3,4, Zhenheng Yang1, Lunju Zheng1, Zhangchang Li2, Taotao Cao5,*()
Received:
2018-09-17
Online:
2020-12-28
Published:
2020-12-09
Contact:
Taotao Cao
E-mail:dengmo.syky@sinopec.com;515165359@163.com
摘要:
页岩热模拟演化过程中,液态烃含量及赋存状态的变化是深入研究页岩孔隙演化和储层表征的重要内容。对川西北广元上寺剖面低成熟大隆组页岩进行半封闭体系热模拟实验,并对原岩及热模拟样品进行氩离子抛光扫描电镜观察、热模拟样品及其萃取液态烃后的样品开展低温氮气吸附实验。结果表明,低成熟大隆组页岩中有机孔不发育,随着热模拟温度的增加,有机孔开始发育、数量增多、孔径变大,比表面积和微孔体积显著增加且与热模拟温度具有较好的线性正相关性,但中、大孔体积随热模拟温度增加并未表现出明显的变化规律;TOC减少量与比表面积和孔隙体积之间具有较好的正相关性,说明有机质转化为油气过程中微孔数量显著增加。扫描电镜揭示液态烃主要赋存在页岩的晶间孔及已生成的有机孔内;随着热模拟温度增加,液态烃呈现先显著增加后急剧降低的现象,在热模拟温度为325℃和340℃时,液态烃具有最高含量,在热模拟温度450℃以后,液态烃的含量可忽略不计。萃取液态烃后,样品的氮气吸附能力普遍增强;热模拟样品的孔隙呈单峰型分布,孔峰分布在14.36~23.56 nm,而萃取样品的孔峰向更小的孔隙移动,分布在12.05~22 nm。萃取后样品的比表面积、微孔和中孔体积比热模拟样品显著增加,且比表面积和微孔体积与热模拟温度之间的相关性变好,反映了液态烃主要赋存在泥页岩的微孔及部分中孔内。
中图分类号:
表1
四川盆地大隆组原岩及热模拟样品地球化学特征"
样品编号 | 模拟温度/℃ | TOC/% | S1/(mg·g-1) | S2/(mg·g-1) | HI/(mg·g-1) | Tmax/ ℃ | 氯仿沥青“A”含量/% |
DL-O | 原岩 | 9.83 | 1.03 | 37.70 | 371 | 440 | 1.11 |
DL-325 | 325 | 7.17 | 2.21 | 22.60 | 324 | 439 | 3.73 |
DL-340 | 340 | 7.30 | 4.84 | 18.81 | 258 | 438 | 3.34 |
DL-360 | 360 | 5.76 | 4.95 | 9.72 | 164 | 444 | 1.97 |
DL-400 | 400 | 6.26 | 2.56 | 246.00 | 35 | 571 | 0.59 |
DL-420 | 420 | 6.26 | 1.64 | 1.37 | 20 | 587 | 0.24 |
DL-450 | 450 | 7.71 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 7 | 605 | 0.04 |
DL-480 | 480 | 4.15 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 4 | 607 | 0.04 |
DL-500 | 500 | 4.10 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 3 | 607 | 0.02 |
DL-550 | 550 | 5.38 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0 | — | 0.00 |
图4
四川盆地广元上寺剖面大隆组页岩热模拟实验不同演化阶段有机孔发育特征 a.有机孔未发育,少量液态烃分布在矿物孔中,热模拟温度325 ℃;b.有机孔开始密集发育,孔径较小,液态烃开始大量生成,分布在矿物孔及有机孔中,热模拟温度340 ℃;c.有机孔进一步发育,连通性较好,液态烃持续生成,占据矿物孔隙和有机孔空间,热模拟温度360 ℃;d.溶蚀孔发育较好,有机质呈块状,有机孔基本不发育,热模拟温度400 ℃;e.有机质内部发育凹坑状孔隙,液态烃较少,热模拟温度420 ℃;f.有机质呈板状、块状分布,内部发育少量不规则形状有机孔,热模拟温度450 ℃;g.有机质分散分布在页岩基质中,与矿物接触空间发育较好的有机孔,有机质内部有机孔发育较差,热模拟温度480 ℃;h.块状有机质,内部孔隙发育较少,在有机质边缘发育有机孔,热模拟温度500 ℃;i.分散状有机质内部极为发育的有机孔,具有很好的连通性,热模拟温度550 ℃"
表2
四川盆地大隆组原岩与模拟样品孔隙结构参数"
样品编号 | 模拟条件 | 氮气吸附结果 | ||||||
地层压力/MPa | 静岩压力/MPa | 比表面积/(m2·g-1) | 孔体积/(cm3·g-1) | 微孔体积/(cm3·g-1) | 中孔体积/(cm3·g-1) | 大孔体积/(cm3·g-1) | ||
DL-O | 0.92 | 0.006 | 0.000 2 | 0.003 0 | 0.003 3 | |||
DL-325 | 23 | 48 | 1.06 | 0.011 | 0.000 4 | 0.004 9 | 0.005 5 | |
DL-340 | 34 | 70 | 1.08 | 0.013 | 0.000 5 | 0.005 7 | 0.007 0 | |
DL-360 | 49 | 102 | 3.68 | 0.022 | 0.000 6 | 0.008 0 | 0.013 0 | |
DL-400 | 53 | 110 | 3.02 | 0.024 | 0.001 0 | 0.010 9 | 0.011 7 | |
DL-420 | 55 | 115 | 1.83 | 0.020 | 0.000 9 | 0.007 7 | 0.011 5 | |
DL-450 | 58 | 120 | 2.18 | 0.019 | 0.001 0 | 0.008 2 | 0.010 3 | |
DL-480 | 62 | 130 | 3.52 | 0.022 | 0.001 7 | 0.008 6 | 0.012 0 | |
DL-500 | 67 | 140 | 6.84 | 0.027 | 0.003 3 | 0.010 1 | 0.014 0 | |
DL-550 | 72 | 150 | 8.02 | 0.014 | 0.003 8 | 0.006 8 | 0.003 0 |
表3
四川盆地大隆组页岩热模拟样品萃取后孔隙结构参数"
样品编号 | 比表面积/(m2·g-1) | 孔体积/(mL·g-1) | 微孔体积/(mL·g-1) | 中孔体积/(mL·g-1) | 大孔体积/(mL·g-1) |
DL-325-E | 3.11 | 0.033 | 0.001 3 | 0.01 3 | 0.019 |
DL-340-E | 3.72 | 0.032 | 0.001 4 | 0.01 4 | 0.017 |
DL-360-E | 4.17 | 0.027 | 0.001 5 | 0.00 9 | 0.016 |
DL-400-E | 7.76 | 0.040 | 0.003 3 | 0.01 5 | 0.022 |
DL-420-E | 9.92 | 0.039 | 0.004 0 | 0.01 8 | 0.017 |
DL-450-E | 8.26 | 0.018 | 0.003 5 | 0.01 0 | 0.004 |
DL-480-E | 9.01 | 0.019 | 0.003 8 | 0.008 7 | 0.006 8 |
DL-500-E | 9.58 | 0.039 | 0.004 1 | 0.014 | 0.021 |
DL-550-E | 15.37 | 0.034 | 0.006 7 | 0.012 | 0.015 |
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