四川盆地富顺-永川地区龙马溪组页岩有机孔特征及其影响因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20210607

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地南部广泛发育海相泥页岩层系，龙马溪组页岩具备优越的页岩气成藏条件。基于钻井岩心观察和分析测试，对富顺-永川地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机孔特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果显示：龙马溪组页岩总有机碳（TOC）含量主要介于2.45%~5.59%，有机质丰度高，镜质体反射率（R_o）介于1.97%~2.23%，有机质达到了高-过成熟，为有机孔发育提供了良好基础；有机孔是页岩气重要的储集空间，根据扫描电镜观察，单个有机孔形态以圆形、椭圆形和凹坑形为主，其次为长条形和不规则形等，边缘较光滑；结合氮吸附与高压压汞实验观察，富顺-永川地区龙马溪组页岩有机孔孔径较小，大多属于介孔范围，介孔占比约为57%。通过建立有机孔孔隙度与自然伽马能谱测井值（U）的关系模型并对全区的有机孔进行定量分析，发现富顺-永川地区龙马溪组页岩有机孔孔隙度介于1.10%~3.64%，平均为2.15%。有机孔发育及保存受多种因素影响，对有机孔孔隙度与粘土矿物、脆性矿物和TOC含量相关关系的研究结果表明：四川盆地富顺-永川地区龙马溪组页岩有机孔孔隙度的大小与粘土矿物含量成负相关、与脆性矿物和TOC含量成正相关，压实作用对有机孔保存起破坏性作用，而较高的地层压力系数有利于有机孔的保存。

关键词: 脆性矿物, 有机孔, 页岩, 龙马溪组, 富顺-永川地区, 四川盆地

Abstract:

The Lower Paleozoic marine shale sequences are widely developed in the southern part of Sichuan Basin. Among others, the Longmaxi Formation shale possesses high-quality source rocks favorable for shale gas enrichment. We discuss the characteristics of and factors influencing the organic pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Fushun-Yongchuan area, based on coring data obtained from the drilling of organic-rich shale, as well as related analysis and tests. The research results indicate that the organic matter abundance of the Longmaxi Formation shale is high with a TOC content ranging from 2.45% to 5.59%, and its thermal evolution reaches a high-to-over-mature stage with a vitrinite reflectance (R_o) of 1.97% to 2.23%, providing a favorable basis for the growth of organic pores. As important reservoir space for shale gas, most organic pores are round-, oval- or concave-shaped under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and a few occur in strips and/or irregular polygons; all pores are smooth-edged. Besides, nitrogen adsorption and high pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), show that these organic pores are relatively small in size, most of which are supposed to be ascribed to mesopores, accounting for about 57%. Then, we quantitatively analyze the organic pores across the study area by establishing a relationship model between porosity of organic pores and spectral gamma-ray (GR) logs (U), and the results show that the porosity of organic pores varies between 1.10% and 3.64%, with an average of 2.15%. There are multiple factors related to the development and preservation of organic pores. The correlation between organic pore porosity with contents of clay minerals, brittle minerals and TOC, is set up and shows that the porosity of organic pores is positively correlated with contents of brittle minerals and TOC but negatively with clay mineral content. Compaction has a destructive effect on the preservation of organic pores, and a higher formation pressure coefficient is conducive to the preservation of organic pores.

Key words: organic pore, brittle mineral, shale, Longmaxi Formation, Fushun-Yongchuan area, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

杨熙雅,刘成林,刘文平,等. 四川盆地富顺-永川地区龙马溪组页岩有机孔特征及其影响因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1321-1333. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210607 Xiya Yang,Chenglin Liu,Wenping Liu,et al. Characteristics of and factors influencing organic pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Fushun-Yongchuan area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(6): 1321-1333. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210607

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样品编号	深度/m	有机孔像素	无机孔像素	总像素	有机孔面孔率/%	无机孔面孔率/%
1	3 635.98	4 495	5 776	241 664	1.86	2.39
2	3 641.70	5 341	2 030	241 664	2.21	0.84
3	3 644.30	4 857	3 625	241 664	2.01	1.50
4	3 656.63	5 607	5 993	241 664	2.32	2.48
5	3 667.78	6 187	5 945	241 664	2.56	2.46
6	3 670.85	6 718	1 474	241 664	2.78	0.61
7	3 676.80	4 882	6 017	241 664	2.02	2.49
8	3 682.50	4 592	13 171	241 664	1.90	5.45
9	3 777.00	8 144	4 882	241 664	3.37	2.02
10	3 784.50	5 196	3 987	241 664	2.15	1.65
11	3 791.50	1 885	7 105	241 664	0.78	2.94
12	3 797.00	5 413	4 181	241 664	2.24	1.73
13	3 800.00	6 887	4 567	241 664	2.85	1.89
14	3 802.50	6 477	1 764	241 664	2.68	0.73
15	3 806.00	7 177	5 872	241 664	2.97	2.43
16	3 809.80	7 733	1 643	241 664	3.20	0.68
17	3 821.82	5 365	6 791	241 664	2.22	2.81
18	3 826.99	2 078	7 178	241 664	0.86	2.97
19	3 829.58	5 437	4 374	241 664	2.25	1.81

样品编号	深度/m	有机孔面孔率/%	无机孔面孔率/%	有机孔占比	总孔隙度/%	有机孔孔隙度/%
1	3 635.98	1.86	2.39	0.44	3.97	1.74
2	3 641.70	2.21	0.84	0.72	3.17	2.29
3	3 644.30	2.01	1.50	0.57	3.31	1.89
4	3 656.63	2.32	2.48	0.48	3.75	1.81
5	3 667.78	2.56	2.46	0.51	3.18	1.62
6	3 670.85	2.78	0.61	0.82	3.28	2.68
7	3 676.80	2.02	2.49	0.45	2.81	1.26
8	3 682.50	1.90	5.45	0.26	4.78	1.24
9	3 777.00	3.37	2.02	0.63	4.55	2.84
10	3 784.50	2.15	1.65	0.57	4.66	2.64
11	3 791.50	0.78	2.94	0.21	5.44	1.14
12	3 797.00	2.24	1.73	0.56	5.10	2.88
13	3 800.00	2.85	1.89	0.60	4.17	2.51
14	3 802.50	2.68	0.73	0.79	4.63	3.64
15	3 806.00	2.97	2.43	0.55	4.08	2.24
16	3 809.80	3.20	0.68	0.83	3.78	3.12
17	3 821.82	2.22	2.81	0.44	5.49	2.43
18	3 826.99	0.86	2.97	0.22	4.88	1.10
19	3 829.58	2.25	1.81	0.55	3.32	1.84

井号	龙一₁⁴小层有机孔孔隙度/%	龙一₁³小层有机孔孔隙度/%	龙一₁²小层有机孔孔隙度/%	龙一₁¹小层有机孔孔隙度/%	平均有机孔孔隙度/%
D201	2.54	3.12	3.92	5.40	3.75
G202	2.45	4.86	4.09	5.49	4.22
G205	2.42	3.16	3.16	4.89	3.41
L101	2.97	3.33	3.32	4.54	3.54
T101	2.31	3.03	3.43	3.88	3.16
Ti201	2.37	3.27	3.18	4.32	3.29
Y101	2.82	3.48	3.74	5.44	3.87
Z101	3.15	3.05	2.93	3.97	3.28

井号	深度/m	干酪根类型指数	有机质类型
D201井	3 635.98	98	Ⅰ型
	3 644.30	100	Ⅰ型
	3 656.63	35	Ⅱ₂型
	3 667.78	78	Ⅱ₁型
	3 676.80	69	Ⅱ₁型
G202井	3 777.00	39	Ⅱ₂型
	3 791.50	90	Ⅰ型
	3 800.00	65	Ⅱ₁型
	3 806.00	83	Ⅰ型
	3 826.99	88	Ⅰ型

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