塔里木盆地的热史

doi:10.11743/ogg20050509

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地的地质热历史与其构造演化史密切相关。塔里木盆地自古生代以来古地温总体呈下降趋势,其间存在两个相对较高的古地温期:一个是寒武纪—早奥陶世,另一个是石炭—二叠纪。早古生代塔里木盆地古地温梯度较高,寒武纪—早奥陶世古地温梯度为每百米3.2～3.5℃,此后地温梯度显著下降;石炭—二叠纪古地温略有上升,地温梯度为每百米3.0～3.2℃;中生代古地温梯度下降平缓,中生代末地温梯度为每百米2.5℃;新生代地温梯度持续下降,现今地温梯度为每百米2℃。由于盆地不同构造单元构造发展演化史不同,塔里木盆地各构造单元的地质热历史各具特征。沙雅隆起与卡塔克隆起以及古城墟隆起在地质历史过程中,长期处于基底隆起区,大地热流始终相对较高;而满加尔坳陷长期处于坳陷区,基底埋深大,古热流相对较低。此外,新生代期间,塔里木盆地受南北向的挤压,由于山脉的负载作用,使盆地中部岩石圈相对上拱的卡塔克隆起地温梯度变化较小或略有上升,而边缘向下挠曲的塔西南坳陷新生代期间持续的快速沉降,地温梯度下降迅速,且幅度较大。

关键词: 热历史, 古地温, 地温梯度, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Geothermal history of Tarim basin is closely related with its structural evolution history.Palaeogeotherm in Tarim basin has been in declining trend since Paleozoic.There were two relatively high palaeogeothermal stages,one in Cambrian-Early Ordovician and the other in Carboniferous-Permian.The palaeogeotherm in Tarim basin was relatively high during Early Paleozoic.It was 3.2℃～3.5℃ per hundred meters in Cambrian-Early Ordovician,and then remarkably lowered.It increased a little bit in Carboniferous-Permian to 3.0℃～3.2℃ per hundred meters.It slowly declined in Mesozoic and lowered to 2.5℃ per hundred meters at the end of Mesozoic.It continuously declined in Cenozoic to the current 2℃ per hundred meters.As the structural development and evolution histories are different in various structural units,the geothermal history of each structural unit in Tarim basin has distinct characteristics.Shaya,Katak and Guchengxu uplifts always had relatively high geothermal heat flow,because they had been in basement uplift area for a long period;while Manja'er depression had relatively low geothermal heat flow,because it had been in downwarping region with large burial depth of basement for a long period.Moreover,Tarim basin has experienced N-S compression in Cenozoic.As a result of the loading of mountains,the lithosphere in the central part of the basin had been upwarped,so the geothermal gradient in Katak uplift had relatively small variation or increased a little bit;while the downwarping on the edge has caused continuous and rapid subsidence of the Southwest Tarim depression in Cenozoic,as a result,the geothermal gradient lowered rapidly by a big margin.

Key words: geothermal history, palaeogeotherm, geothermal gradient, Tarim basin

中图分类号:

TE112.1

李慧莉,邱楠生,金之钧,等. 塔里木盆地的热史[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(5): 613-617. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050509 Li Huili,Qiu Nanhsheng,Jin Zhijun,et al. Geothermal history of Tarim basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(5): 613-617. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050509

参考文献

[1]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1997. 279～283Jia Chengzao. Structural feature and petroleum in Tarim basin, China[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1997. 279-283
[2]何治亮, 毛洪斌, 周晓芬, 等. 塔里木多旋回盆地与复式油气系统[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2000, 21(3): 207～213He Zhiliang, Mao Hongbin, Zhou Xiaofen, et al. Complex petroleum system and multicycle basin in Tarim[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2000, 21(3): 207-213
[3]康玉柱. 塔里木盆地大气田形成的地质条件[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2001, 22(1): 21～25Kang Yuzhu. Geological condition for forming big gas fields in Tarim basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2001, 22(1): 21-25
[4]徐旭辉. 塔里木古生代原型盆地分析的油气勘探意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2002, 23(3): 224～228Xu Xuhui. The significance of the analysis of Tarim Paleozoic prototype basins in oil and gas exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2002, 23(3): 224-228
[5]徐向华, 周庆凡, 张玲. 塔里木盆地油气储量及其分布特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2004, 25(3): 300～313Xu Xianghua, Zhou Qingfan, Zhang Ling. Oil and gas reserves and their distribution in Tarim basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2004, 25(3): 300-313
[6]潘长春, 周中毅, 范善发,等. 塔里木盆地热演化[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 1996, 15(3): 150～177Pan Changchun, Zhou Zhongyi, Fan Shanfa, et al. Thermal evolution of Tarim basin[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 1996, 15(3): 150-177
[7]邱楠生, 金之钧, 王飞宇. 多期构造演化盆地的复杂地温场对油气生成的影响--以塔里木盆地塔中地区为例[J]. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(2): 142～144Qiu Nansheng, Jin Zhijun, Wang Feiyu. The effect of the complex geothermal field based on the multi-structure evolution to hydrocarbon generation:a case of Tazhong area in Tarim basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(2): 142-144
[8]李慧莉, 邱楠生, 金之钧,等. 塔里木盆地塔中地区地质热历史研究[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 19(4): 36～39Li Huili, Qiu Nansheng, Jin Zhijun, et al. Study on geothermal history of Tazhong area, Tarim basin[J]. Journal of Xi'an Pe-troleum University (Natural Science Edition), 2004, 19(4): 36-39
[9]邱楠生, 金之钧, 李京昌. 塔里木盆地热演化分析中热史波动模型初探[J]. 地球物理学报, 2002, 45(3): 398～406Qiu Nansheng, Jin Zhijun, Li Jingchang. Discussion on thermal wave model used in the thermal evolution analysis in Tarim basin[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinca, 2002,45(3): 398-406
[10]解启来, 周中毅.利用干酪根热解动力学模拟实验研究塔里木盆地下古生界古地温[J]. 地球科学--中国地质大学学报, 2002, 27(6): 767～769Xie Qilai, Zhou Zhongyi. Kerogen pyrolysis kinetics simulating experiment used to study Lower Paleozoic paleotemperature in Tarin Basim[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2002, 27(6): 767-769
[11]李成, 王良书, 郭随平,等. 塔里木盆地热演化[J]. 石油学报, 2000, 21(3): 13～17Li Cheng, Wang Liangshu, Guo Suiping, et al. Thermal evolution in Tarim basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000, 21(3): 13-17
[12]黄清华, 杨建国, 郑玉龙. 塔里木盆地西部古生代牙形刺与有机质成熟度[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 1999, 18(5): 14～16Huang Qinghua, Yang Jianguo, Zheng Yulong. Palaeozoic conodont and organic matter maturity in the western part of Tarim basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,1999, 18(5): 14-16
[13]陶士振, 刘德良, 魏大卫,等. 叶城凹陷白垩纪至晚第三纪成岩作用与古地温研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 1998, 25(3): 26～30Tao Shizhen,Liu Deliang,Wei Dawei,et al.Study on the Cretaceous-Late Tertiary diagenesis and paleogeotemperature of the Yecheng depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development,1998,25(3):26-30
[14]王良书, 李成, 刘绍文,等. 塔里木盆地北缘库车前陆盆地地温梯度分布特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2003, 46(3): 403～407Wang Liangshu, Li Cheng, Liu Shaowen, et al. Geotemperature gradient distribution of Kuqa foreland basin, north of Tarim, China[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica, 2003, 46(3): 403-407
[15]王钧, 汪缉安, 沈继英,等.塔里木盆地的大地热流[J]. 地球科学--中国地质大学学报, 1995, 20(4): 399～404Wang Jun, Wang Ji'an, Shen Jiying,et al.Terrestrial heat flow in Tarim basin[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geoscience, 1995,20(4): 399-404
[16]王良书, 李成, 施中申. 塔里木盆地大地热流密度分布特征[J]. 地球物理学报,1995,38(6): 855～856Wang Liangshu, Li Cheng, Shi Zhongshen. Distribution of terrestrial heat flow density in Tarim basin, western China[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 1995,38(6): 855-856