石油与天然气地质 ›› 2008, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 574-581.doi: 10.11743/ogg20080505

• 海相石油地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国前中生代海相储层发育的构造-沉积条件

郑和荣1, 胡宗全1, 周小进2, 张海清1, 由伟丰1, 杨帆2   

  1. 1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
    2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所,江苏 无锡 214151
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-01 出版日期:2008-10-24 发布日期:2012-01-16

Tectonic and sedimentary conditions of pre-Mesozoic marine reservoirs in China

Zheng Herong1, Hu Zongquan1, Zhou Xiaojin2, Zhang Haiqing1, You Weifeng1, Yang Fan2   

  1. 1. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
  • Received:2008-08-01 Online:2008-10-24 Published:2012-01-16

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摘要：

构造、沉积两大要素共同控制着海相储层的形成与分布。震旦纪—早古生代早期(Z—O2),中国主要板块处于洋盆扩张、陆块离散的构造-沉积阶段,围绕华北、扬子、塔里木等主要陆块长期发育稳定台地-被动大陆边缘斜坡沉积体系。此期台地相碳酸盐岩异常发育,主要的岩性有灰岩、颗粒灰岩和白云岩,其中位于高位期的奥陶系是我国海相油气发现的重要层位之一。早古生代晚期(O3—S),为洋盆俯冲消减、古中国陆汇聚形成阶段。伴随着海水退却,各主要陆块核部隆升为隆起剥蚀区,围绕其周边发育海相碎屑岩储层,如塔里木北部和鄂西渝东的志留系。加里东期岩溶作用对下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的早期成岩演化具有重要的影响。晚古生代—中生代早期(D—T),此期北方以汇聚作用为主,主要发育碎屑岩储层沉积,如华北和准噶尔的石炭系和二叠系、塔里木的泥盆系等,同时海西期是塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩的主要岩溶期;南方以离散作用为主,华南台地裂解成"盆包台"格局,台地边缘发育礁滩相储层。在长期、多期次的构造作用下,在原生孔隙丧失的同时,古岩溶、热液溶蚀、白云化和裂缝的复合作用使海相储层经历建设性改造,从而形成优质储层。

关键词: 储层, 构造-沉积条件, 海相层系, 前中生代, 中国

Abstract:

Tectonic and sedimentary factors are of importance in controlling the formation and distribution of marine reservoirs.Confronted with the spreading of ocean basins and dispersing of plates from Sinian to the early period of Early Paleozoic(Z-O2),sedimentary systems of stable platform-passive margin slope developed around the main plates of China such as Huabei,Tarim and Yangtze.Carbonate rocks of platform facies bloomed during that long period,and were mainly composed of limestone,grainstone and dolomite.The high-stand Ordovician is one of the main marine strata for hydrocarbon discoveries in China.Subduction of ocean basins and con-vergence of Paleo-China continent occurred during the late period of the Early Paleozoic(O3-S).Along with retrogression,the central part of the plates uplifted and became erosion areas,around which marine elastic reservoirs were developed,such as the Silurian in the northern Tarim Basin and areas from west Hubei to east Chongqing.The Caledonian karstifieation imposed an important influence on the early diagenetic evolution of the Lower-Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs.From the Late Paleozoic to the Early Mesozoic(D-T),convergence dominated in northern China,where marine elastic reservoirs were mainly developed,such as the Carboniferous and the Permian in North China and Junggar basins and the Devonian in the Tarim Basin.The Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rocks underwent the major karstification during the Hercynian period.While divergence dominated in southern China,where the South China platform underwent tectonic dispersion and broke down into several smaller platforms surrounded by deep basins,with reservoirs of shoal and reef facies deposited on the edge of platforms.Under long and multistage tectonization,marine reservoirs lost primary porosity progressively;meanwhile, conjunction of karstification,hydatothermal erosion,dolomitization and fracture formed secondary porosity and improved marine reservoirs remarkably.

Key words: reservoir, tectonic and sedimentary condition, marine strata, Pre-Mesozoic, China

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