裂陷盆地伸展方位与构造作用及对构造样式的控制——以苏北盆地高邮凹陷南部断阶带为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20170104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南部断阶带为苏北盆地高邮凹陷边界构造带，由吴堡断阶带和真武断阶带两个部分组成，具有复杂的构造作用过程和构造样式。在南部断阶带几何学特征研究基础上，以应力-应变分析理论为指导，利用平衡剖面法反演所得的伸展率进行横向对比，明确高邮凹陷各时期的优势伸展方位，从而分析南部断阶带的构造作用及其对构造样式的控制。结果表明，高邮凹陷优势伸展方位经历了NW向（K₂t²-E₂d），NS向（E₂s）和NW向（Ny-Qd）的变化过程，首次从定量角度深入认识了高邮凹陷晚白垩世以来的构造应力场方向。由于不同时期优势伸展方位与断阶带呈不同角度斜交，吴堡断阶带经历了纯伸展、右行走滑-伸展与纯伸展3期构造作用，形成了平面斜交式和剖面马尾状的简单断层组合样式；真武断阶带经历了左行走滑-伸展、右行走滑-伸展和左行走滑-伸展3期构造作用，形成了平面网格式与剖面复式马尾状的复杂断层组合样式。伸展速率与走滑速率研究表明，断阶带伸展与走滑作用主要发生在阜宁组、戴南组和三垛组，多期次的走滑-伸展作用是南部断阶带构造样式的主要控制因素。

关键词: 伸展, 走滑, 伸展方位, 构造样式, 断阶带, 高邮凹陷, 苏北盆地

Abstract:

As the tectonic boundary belt,the south fault terrace,which consists of Wubao fault terrace and Zhenwu fault terrace,has complicated tectonic history and style.Based on the geometrical characteristics of the south fault terrace,guided by the stress-strain theory and extensional rate from the balanced section,we figured out the dominate extensional direction in different periods and analyzed the amount of extension and strike-slip of the south fault terrace,and their control on structural style.The evolution of the dominate extension direction of the Gaoyou sag can be divided into three stages since the late Cretaceous,including NW(K₂t²-E₂d),NS(E₂s),and NW(Ny-Qd).Detailed understanding of the direction of stress field in the Gaoyou sag was obtained since the late Cretaceous in a quantitative way for the first time.Because the dominate extensional direction is not always parallel with the axis of fault terrace,Wubao fault terrace experie-nced 3 periods of tectonism,extension,right-lateral slip-extension,and extension.This resulted in the simple faults style with skew traces in plane view and horse tail-like in profiles.Similarly,Zhenwu fault terrace also experienced 3 periods of tectonism,left-lateral slip-extension,right-lateral slip-extension and left-lateral slip-extension,which resulted in the complicated faults style of grid fault trace in plane view and duplex horse tail-like in profiles.The study on the history of extension rate and strike-slip shows that E₁f,E₂d and E₂s were the main periods of extension and strike-slip,which played a key role in the formation of structural style.

Key words: extension, strike-slip, extensional direction, structural style, fault terrace, Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

吴林,陈清华,刘寅,等. 裂陷盆地伸展方位与构造作用及对构造样式的控制——以苏北盆地高邮凹陷南部断阶带为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(1): 29-38. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170104 Wu Lin,Chen Qinghua,Liu Yin,et al. Extension direction and tectonism in rift basins and their control on structural style: A case study on the south fault terrace in the Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(1): 29-38. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170104

参考文献

[1] 于建国,韩文功,王金铎.中国东部断陷盆地中-新生代构造演化:以济阳坳陷为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:35-76. Yu Jianguo,Han Wengong,Wang Jinduo.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the faulted basins in eastern China:an example from the Jiyangdepression[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:35-76.
[2] 陈发景,赵海玲,陈昭年,等.中国东部中、新生代伸展盆地构造特征及地球动力学背景[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1996,21(4):356-365. Chen Fajing,Zhao Hailing,Chen Zhaonian,et al.Structural characteristics and geodynamic setting of Mesozoic and Cenozoic extensional basins in eastern China[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geoscience,1996,21(4):356-365.
[3] 王伟锋,陆诗阔,金强.中国大陆东部盆地构造动力学分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1999,23(4):1-5. Wang Weifeng,Lu Shikuo,Jing Qiang.Structural dynamics analysis of eastern basin in China[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,1999,23(4):1-5.
[4] 钱基.苏北盆地油气田形成与分布-与渤海湾盆地比较研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(3):12-17. QianJi.Oil and gas fields formation and distribution of Subei basin-research compared to Bohai bay basin[J].ActaPetroleiSinica,2001,22(3):12-17.
[5] 邱海峻,许志琴,乔德武.苏北盆地构造演化研究进展[J].地质通报,2006,25(9-10):1117-1120. QiuH aijun,Xu Zhiqin,QiaoDewu.Progress in the study of the tectonic evolution of the Subei basin,Jiangsu,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9~10):1117-1120.
[6] 舒良树,王博,王良书,等.苏北盆地晚白垩世-新近纪原型盆地分析[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):534-543. Shu Liangshu,Wang Bo,Wang Liangshu,et al.Analysis of northern Jiangsu prototype basin from late Cretaeeous to Neogene[J].Geologi-cal Journal of China Universities,2005(4):534-543.
[7] 刘寅,陈清华,胡凯,等.渤海湾盆地与苏北-南黄海盆地构造特征和成因对比[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014(1):38-51. Liu Yin,Chen Qinghua,Hu Kai,et al.Comparison of the Bohai bay basin and Subei-south Yellow Sea basin in the structural characteristics and forming mechanism[J].GeotectonicaetMetallogenia,2014(1):38-51.
[8] 王玺,陈清华,朱文斌,等.苏北盆地高邮凹陷边界断裂带构造特征及成因[J].大地构造与成矿学,2013(1):20-28. Wang Xi,Chen Qinghua,Zhu Wenbin,et al.Structural characteristics and origin of boundary fault belts of the Gaoyou sag in the Subei basin[J].GeotectonicaetMetallogenia,2013(1):20-28.
[9] 朱光,姜芹芹,朴学峰,等.基底断层在断陷盆地断层系统发育中的作用——以苏北盆地南部高邮凹陷为例[J].地质学报,2013,87(4):441-452. Zhu Guang,Jiang Qinqin,PiaoXuefeng,et al.Role of basement faults in faulting system development of a rift basin:an example from the Gaoyou sag in southern Subei basin[J].ActaGeologicaSinica,2013(4):441-452.
[10] 华伟,陈廷东,季红军,等.高邮凹陷真武断裂带断层活动及演化规律[J].中国地质,2012,39(3):605-611. Hua Wei,Chen Tingdong,JiHongjun,et al.Fault activity and evolution of the Zhenwu fault zone in Gaoyou sag[J].Geology in China,2012,39(3):605-611.
[11] 马晓鸣,戴俊生.应用落差分析研究高邮凹陷南断阶主控断层[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,22(4):31-34. Ma Xiaoming,Dai Junsheng.Study on the control faults in south fault terrace of Gaoyou sag by fault throw analysis[J].Journal of Xi'an ShiyouUniversity(Natural Science Edition),2007(4):31-34.
[12] 颜丹平,田崇鲁,孟令波,等.伸展构造盆地的平衡剖面及其构造意义-以松辽盆地南部为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2003,28(3):275-280. Yan Danping,TianChonglu,MengLingbo,et al.Balanced geological section for extensional tectonic basin and its implication:an example from southern Songliao basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geoscience,2003,28(3):275-280.
[13] 李春荣,张功成,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地断裂构造特征及其对油气的控制作用[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):195-203. Li Chunrong,Zhang Gongcheng,Liang Jianshe,et al.Characteristics of fault structure and its control on hydrocarbons in the Beibuwan basin[J].ActaPetroleiSinica,2012,33(2):195-203.
[14] 童亨茂,宓荣三,于天才,等.渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷的走滑构造作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1017-1026. Tong Hengmao,MiRongsan,Yu Tiancai,et al.The strike-slip tectonics in the western Liaohe depression,Bohai bay basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(8):1017-1026.
[15] 蔡东升,罗毓晖,姚长华.渤海莱州湾走滑拉分凹陷的构造研究及其石油勘探意义[J].石油学报,2001,22(2):19-25. CaiDongsheng,LuoYuhui,Yao Changhua.Strike-slip and pull-apart structure study and its significance to petroleum exploration on Laizhouwan sag,Bohaiarea[J].ActaPetroleiSinica,2001,22(2):19-25.
[16] 童亨茂,聂金英,孟令箭,等.基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用规律[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):97-104. Tong Hengmao,NieJinying,MengLingjian,et al.The law of basement pre-existing fabric controlling fault formation and evolution in rift basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(4):97-104.
[17] 戴俊生.构造地质学及大地构造[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:22-55. Dai Junsheng.Structural geology and tectonics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:22-55.
[18] 林承焰,张宪国.地震沉积学探讨[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(11):1141-1144. Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo.The discussion of seismic sedmientology[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(11):1141-1144.
[19] Mortimer E,Paton D A,Scholz C A,et al.Orthogonal to oblique rifting:effect of rift basin orientation in the evolution of the North basin,Malawi Rift,East Africa[J].Basin Research,2007,19(3),393-407.
[20] Mouslopoulou V,Nicol A,Little T A,et al.Displacement transfer between intersecting regional strike-slip and extensional fault systems[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29(1):100-116.
[21] Morley C K,Haranya C,Phoosongsee W,et al.Activation of rift oblique and rift parallel pre-existing fabrics during extension and their effect on deformation style:examples from the rifts of Thailand.Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(10):1803-1829.
[22] 漆家福,杨桥.陆内裂陷盆地构造动力学分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):19-26. Qi Jiafu,Yang Qiao.Dynamic analysis of continental rifting basin[J].Earlh Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):19-26.
[23] 赵利,李理,张航.东营凹陷新生代早期断裂系统的运动学特征及动力学机制[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(3):18-24. Zhao Li,Li Li,Zhang Hang.Fault systems kinematic characteristics and dynamic mechanism during early Cenozoic in Dongyingsag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2014,38(3):18-24.