东非鲁武马盆地渐新统深水沉积层序地层格架组成和时空分布

doi:10.11743/ogg20190117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于缺乏与陆架边缘的直接联系，深水层序划分在层序地层学研究中成为难点。东非鲁武马盆地渐新统含气砂岩储层为深水沉积环境的重力流沉积，合理的层序地层划分方法可以指导有利目标层系的解释及区域油气勘探。以混合层序地层模型为指导，以三维地震资料应用为主，多种资料综合分析开展深水层序地层学研究，揭示渐新统深水沉积过程和沉积体系的成因联系。根据地层的终止类型、凝缩段、块体搬运沉积等识别层序边界，通过分析沉积物性质、规模以及形成深水沉积的浊流密度差异，确定沉积结构单元与体系域的对应关系，建立渐新统等时地层格架，分析深水沉积演化规律。鲁武马盆地渐新统划分为两个三级层序，强制海退的早期在近陆架边缘陆坡上均形成大规模局部发育的块体搬运沉积，之后在不同层序沉积特征表现出差异性。下渐新统三级层序以粗-中粗砂岩为主、具有高砂/泥比、高密度的大型朵体为强制海退晚期产物。堤化水道体系沉积于低位体系域及海侵早期，顶部为凝缩段沉积，使下渐新统层序具有完整体系域组成；受研究区数据范围影响，上渐新统三级层序缺少大型朵体，层序内缺少下降期体系域晚期沉积，其他体系域内沉积结构单元与下渐新统具有较好的相似性。

关键词: 沉积结构单元, 体系域, 层序, 深水沉积, 渐新统, 鲁武马盆地, 东非

Abstract:

It is difficult to divide deep water sequences in sequence stratigraphy study due to a lack of direct connection between the sequence and the shelf margin deposition.The Oligocene gas-bearing sandstones in Ruvuma Basin,East Africa,were deposited by gravity flow in deep water environment.A reasonable sequence stratigraphic division is helpful to the interpretation of favorable targets and regional oil and gas exploration.Under the guidance of the mixed sequence stratigraphic model,we put 3D seismic data into application and comprehensively analyzed multiple data to study the sequence stratigraphy,disclosing the genetic relationship between sedimentary processes and sedimentary systems in deep water environment.Sequence boundaries were identified by the strata termination, condensation section and MTD.Consequently,the corresponding relationship between sedimentary architecture element and system tract was established by analyzing the nature and scale of sediments and density difference of turbidity currents leading to deep water deposition,the Oligocene isochronous stratigraphy framework was established and the rules of deep water sedimentary evolution was analyzed.The Oligocene in Ruvuma Basin can be divided into two third-order sequences,for both of which large-scale MTDs accumulated locally on continental slopes near shelf break in early forced regression.But,the sedimentary characteristics of the two sequences show differences.The large lobes in the Lower Oligocene third-order sequence that are dominated by coarse-medium-coarse-grained sandstones and have large sand/shale ratio and high density are products of late forced regressions.The sediments of the leveed channel system were located in the lowstand system tract(LST)and early transgression, with the condensation section overlying the leveed channel system, all of which contribute to the complete system tract of the Lower Oligocene sequence.Due to the limited data obtained within the study area,large lobes are absent in the Upper Oligocene third-order sequence,within which there is a lack of late deposition in falling stage system tract(FSST).Besides,the sedimentary architecture elements in other system tracts are quite similar to those of the Lower Oligocene sequences.

Key words: sedimentary architecture element, system tract, sequence, deep water deposit, Oligocene, Ruvuma Basin, East Africa

中图分类号:

TE121.3

孙辉,刘少治,吕福亮,等. 东非鲁武马盆地渐新统深水沉积层序地层格架组成和时空分布[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(1): 170-181. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190117 Sun Hui,Liu Shaozhi,Lyv Fuliang,et al. Stratigraphic framework and temporal-spatial distribution of Oligocene deepwater sedimentary sequence in Ruvuma Basin,East Africa[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(1): 170-181. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190117

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