中上扬子地区下寒武统页岩气储层特征及勘探方向

doi:10.11743/ogg20200205

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 284-294.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200205

中上扬子地区下寒武统页岩气储层特征及勘探方向

高波^1,^2,³(), 刘忠宝^1,^2,³, 舒志国⁴, 刘皓天⁴, 王濡岳³, 金治光⁵, 王冠平⁶

1. 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
2. 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 100083
3. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
4. 中国石化江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 湖北武汉 430223
5. 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
6. 中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2019-04-08 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-04-03
第一作者简介:高波(1969-),男,博士、研究员,非常规油气地质、油气地球化学。E-mail:gaobo.syky@sinopec.com
基金项目:
国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05036-002-001);中国石化科技部项目(P15114)

Reservoir characteristics and exploration of the Lower Cambrian shale gas in the Middle-Upper Yangtze area

Bo Gao^1,^2,³(), Zhongbao Liu^1,^2,³, Zhiguo Shu⁴, Haotian Liu⁴, Ruyue Wang³, Zhiguang Jin⁵, Guanping Wang⁶

1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Exploration&Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
3. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
4. Research Institute of Exploration and Development of Jianghan Oilfield Branch Company Ltd., SINOPEC, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
5. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
6. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-04-08 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-04-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为查明中国南方古老层系页岩储层孔隙特征及其影响因素，以中上扬子地区下寒武统页岩为例，采用岩石薄片、压汞-氮气吸附联合测定、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜、聚焦离子束扫描电镜和全岩X衍射等多种技术方法，系统开展页岩孔隙结构、类型及其影响因素研究；并基于页岩储层特征及页岩气形成地质条件，提出了下寒武统页岩气勘探方向。研究认为，下寒武统主要发育棚内拉张槽型、陆架边缘斜坡型及台地前缘斜坡型3种沉积成因类型富有机质页岩。棚内拉张槽型富有机质页岩孔隙以粒间孔和粘土矿物层间孔为主，其次为有机质孔；台地前缘斜坡型富有机质页岩主要以有机质孔和方解石粒内溶蚀孔为主；而陆架边缘斜坡型富有机质页岩以有机质孔为主，无机矿物质孔不发育。整体而言，下寒武统页岩孔隙发育受页岩矿物组成、有机质丰度、热演化程度及保存条件等多种因素控制。结合页岩气保存条件和探井油气发现等相关分析，建议下寒武统页岩气勘探在四川盆地内部应关注棚内拉张槽型页岩分布区，尤其是筇竹寺组上部的富有机质页岩段；而在四川盆地外部，应关注热演化程度适中、保存条件相对较好的台地前缘斜坡型和陆架边缘斜坡型页岩分布区。

关键词: 有机质孔, 孔隙类型, 保存条件, 页岩储层, 下寒武统, 中上扬子地区

Abstract:

The study aims to clarify the reservoir pore characteristics and the factors influencing the ancient shale sequences in Southern China with the samples taken from the Lower Cambrian shale in the Middle-Upper Yangtze area.An integration of multiple technical methods, including the thin section observation, joint tests of high pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption, argon ion milling-scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), whole-rock X-ray diffraction analysis is applied to systematically study the structure, types and influential factors of shale pores.Meanwhile, the potential targets for exploration of the Lower Cambrian shale gas are also pointed out based on the characteristics of the shale reservoir and the geological conditions for shale gas generation.It is concluded that the Lower Cambrian in the study area mainly develops three types of organic-rich shale in terms of depositional genesis, namely the extensional-trough, shelf-margin slope, and platform-front slope.The organic-rich shale of the intra-shelf extensional-trough type is dominated by intergranular pores and interlayer pores of clay mineral, followed by organic pores; that of the platform-front slope type mainly develops organic pores and calcite intragranular dissolution pores; while that of the shelf-margin slope type mainly develops organic pores with almost no inorganic mineral pores.As a whole, the pore development in the Lower Cambrian shale is controlled by a variety of factors including the mineral composition of shale, the abundance of organic matter, thermal evolution degree, and preservation conditions.Given the analysis of shale gas preservation conditions and drilling results of exploration wells, it is suggested that we should pay more attention to the distribution of intra-shelf extensional-trough shale in the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration within the Sichuan Basin, and this is especially true for the organic-rich shale intervals in the upper part of the Qiongzhusi Formation.While as for the outer area of the Sichuan Basin, the organic-rich shale of both the platform-front and the shelf-margin slope types, featuring moderate thermal evolution and relatively good preservation conditions, should be the research focus.

Key words: organic pore, pore type, preservation condition, shale reservoir, Lower Cambrian, Middle-Upper Yangtze area

中图分类号:

TE122.2

高波,刘忠宝,舒志国,等. 中上扬子地区下寒武统页岩气储层特征及勘探方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 284-294. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200205 Bo Gao,Zhongbao Liu,Zhiguo Shu,et al. Reservoir characteristics and exploration of the Lower Cambrian shale gas in the Middle-Upper Yangtze area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 284-294. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200205

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中上扬子地区下寒武统页岩气储层特征及勘探方向

Reservoir characteristics and exploration of the Lower Cambrian shale gas in the Middle-Upper Yangtze area

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