断溶体储层类型识别、预测及发育模式探讨——以塔里木盆地塔河十区TH10421单元为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20200510

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

断溶体油藏是近年来塔里木盆地研究的热点和难点，断溶体储层内部的非均质性是制约开发效果的关键。以塔里木盆地塔河十区TH10421单元为例，基于测井及地震高频属性分析，将断溶体内部储集体划分为4类：洞穴型、溶蚀孔洞型、裂缝-孔洞型和裂缝型。其中洞穴型和溶蚀孔洞型是断溶体内部最主要的储集体类型，裂缝-孔洞型及裂缝型是大型洞穴发育的前期阶段和重要沟通条件。研究结果表明，断溶体的储集体从裂缝-孔洞-洞穴的发育过程体现了溶蚀程度由外到内逐渐增强，其中走滑断裂产生的多级裂缝是加速溶蚀的重要因素。断溶体内部每种储集体类型均对应不同的测井、地震响应特征，地震结构属性能够较为清晰的预测断溶体内部不同储集体的分布关系，进一步佐证了断溶体发育模式。该研究对深化断溶体形成过程的理解具有一定推动作用，也为此类油藏开发提供地质借鉴。

关键词: 识别预测, 发育模式, 断溶体储层, 塔河油田, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Faulted-karst carbonate reservoirs have been a focus of study in the Tahe oilfield in recent years.The heterogeneity of the reservoirs is a key issue that restricts their development.The TH10421 unit in the block 10 of the Tahe oilfield is taken as an example to classify the reservoirs based on logging data and high-frequency seismic attribute analysis.There are four types of reservoir as a result, namely the cavity type, dissolved pore or cavity type, fracture-cavity type, and fracture type, among which the first two are the most common reservoir types, and the last two, still at early stages of evolving into large-scale cavities, serve mainly as connection between reservoirs.The results show that the evolution of reservoirs from fractures to pores and then to cavities indicates a gradual increasing dissolution from outside to inside, and that multi-stage fractures caused by strike-slip faults facilitated the dissolution.Each reservoir type in the faulted-karst carbonates corresponds to specific log and seismic responses.Seismic texture attributes can be used to clearly predict the distribution of different types of reservoirs within, which will in turn further confirm the proposed development model of the reservoirs.The study helps to promote the understanding of the forming process of faulted-karst reservoirs and to provide a geological basis for their future development.

Key words: identification and prediction, development model, faulted-karst reservoir, Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

程洪,张杰,张文彪. 断溶体储层类型识别、预测及发育模式探讨——以塔里木盆地塔河十区TH10421单元为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 996-1003. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200510 Hong Cheng,Jie Zhang,Wenbiao Zhang. Discussion on identification, prediction and development pattern of faulted-karst carbonate reservoirs:A case study of TH10421 fracture-cavity unit in block 10 of Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 996-1003. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200510

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

参考文献 27

1	鲁新便. 塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏开发地质研究中的若干问题[J]. 石油实验地质, 2003, 25 (5): 508- 512.
	Lu Xinbian . Several problems in study of development programine of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield, Tarim basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experim ent, 2003, 25 (5): 508- 512.
2	胡文革,鲁新便.塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体的分类表征技术[C].陕西西安:油气田勘探与开发国际会议, 2015.
	Hu Wenge, Lu Xinbian.Characterization and classification of carbo-nate fractured-cavity reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[C].Xi' an: International Field Exploration and Development Conference, 2015.
3	李阳. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34 (1): 115- 121.
	Li Yang . The theory and method for development of carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34 (1): 115- 121.
4	陈新, 路鹏程, 彭传平, 等. 哈得逊油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏模式探讨[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2017, 31 (6): 61- 64.
	Chen Xin , Lu Pengcheng , Peng Chuanping , et al. Discussion of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Hadexun oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology & Engineering, 2017, 31 (6): 61- 64.
5	鲁新便, 胡文革, 汪彦, 等. 塔河地区碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏特征与开发实践[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36 (3): 347- 355.
	Lu Xinbian , Hu Wenge , Wang Yan , et al. Characteristics and deve-lopment practice of fault-karst carbonate reservoirs in Tahe area, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36 (3): 347- 355.
6	翟晓先, 云露. 塔里木盆地塔河大型油田地质特征及勘探思路回顾[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2008, 29 (5): 565- 573.
	Zhai Xiaoxian , Yun Lu . Geology of giant Tahe oilfield and a review of exploration thinking in the Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2008, 29 (5): 565- 573.
7	漆立新, 云露. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31 (1): 1- 12.
	Qi Lixin , Yun Lu . Development characteristics and main controlling factors of the Ordovician carbonate karst in Tahe oilfield[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31 (1): 1- 12.
8	赵雪凤, 朱光有, 刘钦甫, 等. 深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育的主控因素研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2007, 18 (4): 514- 521.
	Zhao Xuefeng , Zhu Guangyou , Liu Qinfu , et al. Main control factors of pore development in deep marine carbonate reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007, 18 (4): 514- 521.
9	熊钰, 叶海峰, 蔡明金, 等. 大尺度串联双缝洞碳酸盐岩油藏的压力响应分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2018, 8 (2): 22- 29.
	Xiong Yu , Ye Haifeng , Cai Mingjin , et al. Pressure response analysis of large scale series double fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2018, 8 (2): 22- 29.
10	汪周华, 肖阳, 郭平, 等. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏高温高压气水两相渗流特征[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2017, 7 (2): 47- 52.
	Wang Zhouhua , Xiao Yang , Guo Ping , et al. Gas-water flowing cha-racteristics under high temperature and high pressure in fractured-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2017, 7 (2): 47- 52.
11	Billi A , Valle A , Brilli M , et al. Fracture-controlled fluid circulation and dissolutional weathering in sinkhole-prone carbonate rocks from central Italy[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2007, 29 (3): 385- 395. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2006.09.008
12	郑和荣, 刘春燕, 吴茂炳, 等. 塔里木盆地奥陶系颗粒石灰岩埋藏溶蚀作用[J]. 石油学报, 2009, 30 (1): 9- 15.
	Zheng Herong , Liu Chunyan , Wu Maobing , et al. Burial dissolution of Ordovician granule limestone in Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30 (1): 9- 15.
13	王光强, 周小康, 朱焕. 沉积相结合地球物理属性预测碳酸盐岩储层[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2017, 31 (1): 48- 51.
	Wang Guangqiang , Zhou Xiaokang , Zhu Huan . Prediction of carbonate rock reservoir by combination of sedimentary facies and geophysical attibutes[J]. Petroleum Geology & Engineering, 2017, 31 (1): 48- 51.
14	许晓凤. 基于岩相类型的碳酸盐岩储层预测方法研究[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2017, 31 (2): 17- 21.
	Xu Xiaofeng . Reservoir prediction of carbonate rocks based on litho-facies classification[J]. Petroleum Geology & Engineering, 2017, 31 (2): 17- 21.
15	巫波, 刘遥, 荣元帅, 等. 蚂蚁追踪技术在缝洞型油藏裂缝预测中的应用[J]. 断块油气田, 2014, 21 (4): 453- 457.
	Wu Bo , Liu Yao , Rong Yuanshuai , et al. Application of ant tracking technology in fracture prediction of fracture-vuggy reservoir[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2014, 21 (4): 453- 457.
16	孟伟. 碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏勘探开发关键技术:以塔河油田为例[J]. 海相油气地质, 2006, 11 (4): 48- 53.
	Meng Wei . The key technologies for exploration and development of fractured/cavemed karst reservoirs:A case of Tahe Oil Field, Tarim Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2006, 11 (4): 48- 53.
17	郭臣, 解慧, 聂延波, 等. 塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏超稠油注氮气实验研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2017, 7 (4): 22- 26.
	Guo Chen , Xie Hui , Nie Yanbo , et al. Research on nitrogen gas injection in super heavy oil of Tahe carbonate fracture-cave type reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2017, 7 (4): 22- 26.
18	田亮, 李佳玲, 袁飞宇, 等. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏定量化注水技术研究[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2018, 32 (2): 86- 89.
	Tian Liang , Li Jialing , Yuan Feiyu , et al. Quantitative water injection of fractured-cavity oil reservoir in carbonate rocks in Tahe oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology & Engineering,, 2018, 32 (2): 86- 89.
19	张文博, 金强, 徐守余, 等. 塔北奥陶系露头古溶洞充填特征及其油气储层意义[J]. 特种油气藏, 2012, 19 (3): 50- 54.
	Zhang Wenbo , Jin Qiang , Xu Shouyu , et al. Paleocavern filling characteristics and hydrocarbon reservoir implication in the Ordovician outcrops in northern Tarim Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2012, 19 (3): 50- 54.
20	温志新, 王红漫, 漆立新, 等. 塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2008, 15 (1): 94- 100.
	Wen Zhixin , Wang Hongman , Qi Lixin , et al. Research on the prediction of Ordovician carbonate reservoir of fissure- cave type in the Tahe Oilfield[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2008, 15 (1): 94- 100.
21	韩革华, 漆立新, 李宗杰, 等. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27 (6): 860- 870.
	Han Gehua , Qi Lixin , Li Zongjie , et al. Prediction of the Ordovician fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27 (6): 860- 870.
22	姚清洲, 孟祥霞, 张虎权, 等. 地震趋势异常识别技术及其在碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测中的应用——以塔里木盆地英买2井区为例[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34 (1): 101- 106.
	Yao Qingzhou , Meng Xiangxia , Zhang Huquan , et al. Principles and application of a seismic trend anomaly diagnostic technique[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34 (1): 101- 106.
23	Gao D . Volume texture extraction for 3D seismic visualization and interpretation[J]. Geophysics, 2003, 68 (4): 1294- 1302. doi: 10.1190/1.1598122
24	Gao D . Structure-oriented texture model regression:Application to seismic structure visualization and interpretation[J]. Seg Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2006, 25 (1): 3541.
25	Gao D . Application of three-dimensional seismic texture analysis with special reference to deep-marine facies discrimination and interpretation:Offshore Angola, west Africa[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2007, 91 (12): 1665- 1683. doi: 10.1306/08020706101
26	Gao D . Latest developments in seismic texture analysis for subsurface structure, facies, and reservoir characterization:A review[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76 (2): W1- W13.
27	金强, 田飞. 塔河油田岩溶型碳酸盐岩缝洞结构研究[J]. 中国石油大学学报:自然科学版, 2013, 37 (5): 15- 21.
	Jin Qiang , Tain Fei . Investigation of fracture-cave constructions of karsted carbonate reservoirs of Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2013, 37 (5): 15- 21.

年度	单元累产油/(10⁴ t)	单井产能/(t·d^-1)	含水率/%	阶段采出程度/%
2016	115.16	13.22	75.03	15.27
2017	117.43	20.70	67.38	15.63
2018	119.57	21.33	64.71	16.07
2019	121.27	22.48	63.65	16.36

[1]	韩鹏远, 丁文龙, 杨德彬, 张娟, 马海陇, 王生晖. 塔里木盆地塔河油田S80走滑断裂发育特征及其对奥陶系储层的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 770-786.
[2]	张艳秋, 陈红汉, 王燮培, 王彭, 苏丹梅, 谢舟. 塔里木盆地富满油田走滑断裂带通源性评价[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 787-800.
[3]	丁文龙, 李云涛, 韩俊, 黄诚, 王来源, 孟庆修. 碳酸盐岩储层高精度构造应力场模拟与裂缝多参数分布预测方法及其应用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(3): 827-851.
[4]	曹自成, 云露, 漆立新, 李海英, 韩俊, 耿锋, 林波, 陈菁萍, 黄诚, 毛庆言. 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北84X井超千米含油气重大发现及其意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 341-356.
[5]	杨德彬, 鲁新便, 鲍典, 曹飞, 汪彦, 王明, 谢润成. 塔里木盆地北部奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏成因类型及特征再认识[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 357-366.
[6]	张长建, 杨德彬, 蒋林, 姜应兵, 昌琪, 马雪健. 塔里木盆地塔河北部“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体发育特征及其成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 367-383.
[7]	江同文, 邓兴梁, 曹鹏, 常少英. 塔里木盆地富满断控破碎体油藏储集类型特征与注水替油效果[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(2): 542-552.
[8]	牛月萌, 韩俊, 余一欣, 黄诚, 林波, 杨帆, 余浪, 陈俊宇. 塔里木盆地顺北西部地区火成岩侵入体发育特征及其与断裂耦合关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2024, 45(1): 231-242.
[9]	张三, 金强, 史今雄, 胡明毅, 段梦悦, 李永强, 张旭栋, 程付启. 塔北地区奥陶系地下河溶洞充填规律与储集性能[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1582-1594.
[10]	康志江, 张冬梅, 张振坤, 王睿奇, 姜文斌, 刘坤岩. 深层缝洞型油藏井间连通路径智能预测技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(5): 1290-1299.
[11]	胡伟, 徐婷, 杨阳, 伦增珉, 李宗宇, 康志江, 赵瑞明, 梅胜文. 塔里木盆地超深油气藏流体相行为变化特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1044-1053.
[12]	张坦, 姚威, 赵永强, 周雨双, 黄继文, 范昕禹, 罗宇. 塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组年代标尺及地层剥蚀厚度精细计算[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1054-1066.
[13]	郭宏辉, 冯建伟, 赵力彬. 塔里木盆地博孜—大北地区被动走滑构造特征及其对裂缝发育的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 962-975.
[14]	李斌, 赵星星, 邬光辉, 韩剑发, 关宝珠, 沈春光. 塔里木盆地塔中Ⅱ区奥陶系油气差异富集模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(2): 308-320.
[15]	张红波, 周雨双, 沙旭光, 邓尚, 沈向存, 姜忠正. 塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断裂隆起段发育特征与演化机制[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(2): 321-334.