石油与天然气地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 1013-1023.doi: 10.11743/ogg20220501

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系-二叠系煤系非常规天然气勘探开发进展与攻关方向

郭旭升1,2(), 周德华1, 赵培荣1, 刘曾勤2, 张殿伟2, 冯动军2, 邢凤存3,4, 杜伟2, 陈刚2, 杨帆2, 孙川翔2   

  1. 1.中国石油化工股份有限公司,北京 100728
    2.中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
    3.成都理工大学 油气藏地质及 开发工程国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610059
    4.成都理工大学 沉积地质研究院,四川 成都 610059
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-17 修回日期:2022-07-09 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2022-09-02
  • 第一作者简介:郭旭升(1965—),男,中国工程院院士,油气勘探研究。E?mail:guoxs.syky@sinopec.com
  • 基金项目:
    中国石化基础性前瞻性项目(P21085-14);中国石化油田部先导项目(YTBXD-FCZY-2022-1-05-001-SKY);中国石化科技部项目(P21086-5)

Progresses and directions of unconventional natural gas exploration and development in the Carboniferous-Permian coal measure strata, Ordos Basin

Xusheng Guo1,2(), Dehua Zhou1, Peirong Zhao1, Zengqin Liu2, Dianwei Zhang2, Dongjun Feng2, Fengcun Xing3,4, Wei Du2, Gang Chen2, Fan Yang2, Chuanxiang Sun2   

  1. 1.China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation,Beijing 100728,China
    2.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 102206,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China
    4.Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China
  • Received:2022-02-17 Revised:2022-07-09 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2022-09-02

摘要:

随着非常规天然气甜点评价、水平井分段压裂及多层立体开发等技术的发展,非常规天然气勘探开发对象逐渐由单一型向复合型转变,海-陆过渡相复合型煤系非常规气共探合采有望成为中国页岩油气后的“新非常规革命”。石炭系-二叠系是鄂尔多斯盆地重要的烃源岩层系,非常规天然气资源潜力巨大,但尚处在勘探开发初级阶段。基于“十三五”勘探进展和攻关认识,总结出鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系-二叠系具有“两源、三高、三气”的非常规天然气地质特征。石炭系-二叠系发育多种岩性/岩性组合类型,其中富煤岩性组合和富有机质页岩岩性组合(“两源”)是勘探潜力比较大的主体类型,烃源岩有机显微组分以镜质组为主,储集空间以有机孔和微裂缝为主,具有高有机碳含量、高热演化程度和高含气量的“三高”特点;气体赋存状态深、浅层分异明显,浅层煤层以吸附气为主,深层煤层存在游离气,形成了煤层气、页岩气、致密砂岩气“三气”共存的多种组合类型。聚焦煤系储层致密、甜点识别难度大、应力大等挑战,初步形成了“长水平段、大排量、大液量、大砂量”钻完井工艺,有效支撑了深层煤系非常规天然气勘探突破。“十四五”期间将进一步加强煤系烃源岩及岩性组合综合研究,建立地质-工程甜点综合评价理论与技术,形成立体勘探开发与工程配套技术,助力鄂尔多斯盆地非常规天然气高质量发展。

关键词: 岩性组合, 含气性, 非常规天然气, 石炭系, 二叠系, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

With the development and breakthroughs made in sweet spot assessment of unconventional gas, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells, and simultaneous development of multiple pay zones, the exploration and development paradigm of unconventional gas has shifted from single mode to composite mode. The joint exploration and commingled production of unconventional gases from coal measure strata of marine-to-continental transitional facies is expected to become a new “unconventional revolution” following the shale revolution. The Carboniferous-Permian is of the most important source rock sequences in the Ordos Basin, featuring huge potential in unconventional gas resources, though at the initial stages of exploration and development. Based on exploration progresses made and research results achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, we summarize the geological features of the Carboniferous-Permian coal-measure unconventional gas in the Ordos Basin, that is, “two sources, three highs, and three gases”. The Carboniferous-Permian is dominated by multiple types of lithology or lithological components, and the coal-rich components(“two sources”) are major targets in exploration,among others. The organic macerals of the source rocks are dominated by vitrinite, and organic pores and micro-fractures are the main reservoir spaces, characterized by high total organic carbon content, high thermal maturity, and high gas content (“three highs”). The gas occurrence is markedly differentiated between deep and shallow layers, with adsorbed gases dominating the shallow coal seams, and free gases occurring in the deep coal seams, resulting in the coexistence of coalbed methane, shale gas and tight sand gas (“three gases”), and the existence of their various combinations. Regarding challenges such as tightness of reservoirs, large difficulty in sweet spot identification, and relatively high stresses, we have developed drilling and completion technique of “long lateral, large pumping rate, large liquid volume and high sand load”, which could be of effective supports to breakthroughs made in unconventional gas exploration in deep coal-measure reservoirs. It is suggested to further strengthen the comprehensive research on coal-measure source rocks and lithological assemblages, establish theory and technology for integrated evaluation of geological and engineering sweet spots, and develop supporting technologies in exploration, development, and engineering, in an effort to accelerate high-quality development of unconventional gas in the Ordos Basin during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Key words: lithological assemblage, gas-bearing potential, unconventional natural gas, Carboniferous, Permian, Ordos Basin

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