石油与天然气地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 675-688.doi: 10.11743/ogg20230312
单玄龙1(), 王蔚1, 张新涛2, 衣健1(), 徐春强3, 岳军培3, 刘鹏程1, 傅锚1
收稿日期:
2022-12-09
修回日期:
2023-03-13
出版日期:
2023-06-01
发布日期:
2023-06-05
通讯作者:
衣健
E-mail:shanxl@jlu.edu.cn;yijian@jlu.edu.cn
第一作者简介:
单玄龙(1969—),男,博士、教授,矿产普查与勘探。E-mail: 基金项目:
Xuanlong SHAN1(), Wei WANG1, Xintao ZHANG2, Jian YI1(), Chunqiang XU3, Junpei YUE3, Pengcheng LIU1, Mao FU1
Received:
2022-12-09
Revised:
2023-03-13
Online:
2023-06-01
Published:
2023-06-05
Contact:
Jian YI
E-mail:shanxl@jlu.edu.cn;yijian@jlu.edu.cn
摘要:
精细刻画火山机构对火山岩储层预测十分重要。渤海海域中生界发育多类火山机构,且受后期改造强烈,目前缺乏对该区火山机构类型、结构及建造过程的系统研究。利用岩心、测井及地震资料,将渤海海域中渤中凹陷生界火山机构分为熔岩穹丘、复合层火山、火山碎屑岩席及盾状火山4种类型。分别刻画了这4种火山机构内部喷发单元及岩性、岩相构成,建立了地质模型,并概括形态特征及内部结构建立了4种火山机构对应的建造过程示意图。其中,熔岩穹丘具有高纵/横比,由厚层酸性熔岩构成,内部一般为块状构造;复合层火山在该盆地内分布范围广、规模大,外部形态为丘状,但纵/横比小于熔岩穹丘,内部岩性复杂,多为熔岩和火山碎屑岩互层构成的层状结构;盾状火山为平缓的低丘状外形,主要由基性岩组成,其岩浆黏度低、流动范围较大,所以形成的机构规模大,内部多为席状构造;火山碎屑岩席为席状及充填状,纵/横比极小,内部为多期喷发叠加形成的层状结构。此外,通过对比不同火山机构的物性,发现研究区熔岩穹丘及复合层火山的储层物性最好,火山碎屑岩席次之,盾状火山最差;熔岩穹丘及复合层火山机构可作为后续有利油气勘探目标。
中图分类号:
表1
渤中凹陷中生界火山机构类型划分"
火山机构 类型 | 形态 特征 | 规模 | 岩性、岩相构成 | 结构特征 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
厚度/m | 直径/km | 纵/横比 | 近源 | 中源 | 远源 | |||
熔岩 穹丘 | 高纵/横比,丘状 | 1 300~1 600 | 2.2~4.4 | 0.30~0.72 | 侵出相(中-酸性熔岩85 % ~ 95 %, 火山碎屑岩5 % ~ 10 %) | 块状熔岩、自碎角砾岩 | 溢流相熔岩流、火山碎屑坡积物 | 空落火山碎屑堆积、火山沉积岩 |
复合层 火山 | 低纵/横比,丘状 | 2 100~3 000 | 6.2~8.9 | 0.24~0.48 | 爆发相、溢流相互层(中-酸性熔岩50 %~60 %,火山碎屑岩30 %~40 %),主要以中-酸性熔岩为主,包括少量基性岩 | 自碎角砾岩、熔岩碎屑岩互层 | 火山碎屑流夹少量熔 岩流 | 火山沉积岩 |
盾状 火山 | 盾状 | 100~800 | 8.4~9.7 | 0.01~0.10 | 溢流相为主(玄武岩85 %~90 %, 火山碎屑岩10 %~15 %) | 隐爆 角砾岩 | 厚层玄武岩 | 薄层玄武岩夹泥岩 |
火山 碎屑岩席 | 席状、楔状、充填状 | 极薄层 ~ 400 | 4.3~5.9 | 0.01~0.06 | 爆发相为主,约占60 %,其余为溢流相和火山沉积相(火山碎屑岩60 %,熔岩20 %,沉积岩10 %,沉凝灰岩10 %) | 中-酸性小型熔岩丘 | 火山碎屑流 | 沉火山碎屑岩与沉积岩互层 |
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