石油与天然气地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1256-1269.doi: 10.11743/ogg20230514
收稿日期:
2023-02-01
修回日期:
2023-05-31
出版日期:
2023-10-19
发布日期:
2023-10-19
通讯作者:
刁慧
E-mail:zhangyingzh@cnooc.com.cn;diaohui@cnooc.com.cn
第一作者简介:
张迎朝(1971—),男,教授级高级工程师,海洋油气勘探。E?mail: 基金项目:
Yingzhao ZHANG(), Wei ZOU, Zhongyun CHEN, Yiming JIANG, Hui DIAO()
Received:
2023-02-01
Revised:
2023-05-31
Online:
2023-10-19
Published:
2023-10-19
Contact:
Hui DIAO
E-mail:zhangyingzh@cnooc.com.cn;diaohui@cnooc.com.cn
摘要:
反转构造带作为圈闭发育的优势构造带在国内外诸多盆地已揭示了丰富的油气资源,但对于海上盆地来说,由于钻井成本较高、钻井较少,对反转构造带油气成藏规律的研究相对薄弱。以西湖凹陷中央反转构造带为例,重点关注烃源岩层系内部的原始汇烃能力及从源到储的动态油气富集过程,以期揭示反转构造带油气富集规律。通过构造演化史-生烃演化史-储层演化史-油气充注史匹配关系分析认为,西湖凹陷中央反转构造带北部地区烃源岩大量生烃期和油气充注时间早于圈闭形成时间,早期天然气在源内层系先形成聚集气或丰度较高的“半聚集”气,即“先汇”;晚期构造运动伴随圈闭形成使得早期气向上运移至圈闭中聚集成藏,即“后聚”,成藏后表现为天然气成熟度由深向浅呈增大的趋势。因此提出“先汇后聚”成藏新机制,该机制不仅阐释了源上古近系花港组主力勘探层系生烃期-圈闭形成期-油气充注期时间不匹配的问题,而且揭示了源内古构造背景对源上现今油气成藏富集的控制作用。在该模式指导下指出了中央构造带大型圈闭天然气成藏的关键因素,并提出B构造具备良好的“先汇后聚”条件。“先汇后聚”成藏模式具有一定普遍性,不仅对西湖凹陷中央反转构造带油气勘探具有指导作用,对有类似地质条件的含油气盆地油气勘探亦具有重要借鉴意义。
中图分类号:
图5
西湖凹陷中北部地区包裹体显微照片和包裹体均一温度分布频率直方图a. D1井,埋深3 447.3 m,H3砂组,细砂岩,石英加大边微裂隙中的包裹体;b. B2井,埋深3 134.0 m,H3砂组,细砂岩,石英加大边微裂隙中的包裹体;c. C2井,埋深3 695.0 m,H3砂组,细砂岩,石英加大边微裂隙中的包裹体;d. D1井,埋深3 465.2 m,H3砂组,细砂岩,切穿石英颗粒及加大边微裂隙中的包裹体;e. C2井,埋深3 694.7 m,H3砂组,细砂岩,切穿石英颗粒及加大边微裂隙中的包裹体;f. B1井,埋深3 974.2 m,H3砂组,细砂岩,切穿石英颗粒及加大边微裂隙中的包裹体;g. D2井,埋深4 108.9 m,H5砂组,细砂岩,晚期碳酸盐胶结物中的包裹体;h. D2井,埋深4 108.9 m,H5砂组,细砂岩,晚期碳酸盐胶结物中的包裹体;i. A构造流体包裹体均一温度分布柱状图;j. B构造流体包裹体均一温度分布柱状图;k. C构造流体包裹体均一温度分布柱状图;l. D构造流体包裹体均一温度分布柱状图"
表1
西湖凹陷中北部地区天然气组分碳同位素数据"
井号 | 深度/m | 层位 | 测试方法 | δ13C/‰ | 甲烷碳同位素计算Ro/% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | |||||
D1 | 4 298.00 | H6砂组 | 包裹体击碎 | -43.8 | — | — | 1.02 |
A4 | 4 333.90 | H3砂组 | 包裹体击碎 | -30.6 | — | — | 1.72 |
C1 | 3 188.00 | H2砂组 | 天然气 | -30.8 | -25.2 | -23.5 | 1.70 |
C1 | 3 724.00 | H3砂组 | 天然气 | -31.5 | -27.5 | -26.0 | 1.66 |
C2 | 4 296.38 | H5砂组 | 天然气 | -32.2 | -26.6 | -23.8 | 1.61 |
A2 | 4 585.00 | H5砂组 | 天然气 | -32.1 | -24.1 | -22.7 | 1.62 |
A3 | 4 571.58 | H5砂组 | 天然气 | -31.4 | -25.0 | -23.2 | 1.66 |
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