火山喷发机构、期次及其控藏作用——以松辽盆地北部莺山凹陷营一段为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20180208

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 火山机构控制着优质储层的分布，是火山岩天然气成藏必不可少的研究内容。针对松辽盆地北部莺山凹陷营城组一段火山岩以酸性岩为主，孔隙度普遍小于5%，后期蚀变作用强烈且探井少的特点，从地震反射同向轴的连续性、振幅强度、成层性以及岩性、测井曲线特征入手，分别建立火山岩喷发旋回和期次的界面标志。采用相干体分析技术、趋势面分析技术和手动识别方法，识别不同喷发期次的火山机构，并通过其与天然气气藏分布之间关系，对其控藏作用进行了研究。结果表明：莺山凹陷营一段火山岩可细分为六个期次，由下至上，火山岩沿断裂由东向西迁移喷发，形成了东、中、西三大火山机构带，火山机构的保存程度和内部火山岩相的分布决定了储层的物性和有效性，其中，中、西部火山机构带的中部保存较为完整、裂缝及溶蚀孔发育，孔渗条件好，是有利的天然气成藏区域；而东部东火山机构带由于后期抬升剥蚀，遭受风化淋滤作用，保存不完整，溶蚀孔隙与裂缝被上覆沉凝灰岩及次生矿物充填，储集性能较差。

关键词: 火山岩, 火山机构, 深层天然气藏, 营城组, 莺山凹陷, 松辽盆地

Abstract: As one of the important controlling factors over the distribution of high-quality reservoirs,volcanic edifices have been the major study objects of explorers for gas reservoirs.The first member of the Yingcheng Formation in Yingshan Sag of northern Songliao Basin,being dominated by acidic volcanic rocks and having a porosity less than 5% with intensive later alteration and less explored with drilling,was studied based on seismic data (the continuity of seismic events,amplitude intensity),layered properties,lithology and logging data,to establish boundary marks of volcanic eruption cycles and stages.Measures such as coherence volume interpretation,trend-surface analyses and manual identification,were used to discern volcanic edifices of different eruption stages and to determine their significances of controlling the quality of reservoirs based on their layout relations with hydrocarbon distribution.The result shows that six stages can be recognized in the volcanic rocks of the member from bottom up.Three massive edifices (the east,central and west edifices) were formed as the volcanic rocks erupted while migrating from east to west along faults in the area.The quality of the reservoirs there was conditioned by the preservation state of the edifices and the internal lithologic distribution.The middle parts of the central and west edifices were found to be well preserved with favorable porosity and permeability (due to the highly developed fractures and dissolved pores) for hydrocarbon to accumulate.But the eastern part of the east edifice was less preserved after a later uplifting and erosion as well as weathering and leaching,and its reservoir properties were poor due to the filling-up of dissolved pores and fractures by the overlaying sedimentary tuff and secondary minerals,thus being considered a less desired exploration target for gas.

Key words: volcanic rock, volcanic edifice, deep gas reservoir, Yingcheng Formation, Yingshan Sag, Songliao Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

张姣,辛朝坤,张军勇. 火山喷发机构、期次及其控藏作用——以松辽盆地北部莺山凹陷营一段为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(2): 291-299. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180208 Zhang Jiao,Xin Chaokun,Zhang Junyong. A study on volcanic eruption edifices and stages and their control over hydrocarbon accumulation:A case study of the first member of the Yingcheng Formation in Yingshan Sag,northern Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(2): 291-299. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180208

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