石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 65-80.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240105
收稿日期:
2023-09-05
修回日期:
2023-10-16
出版日期:
2024-02-01
发布日期:
2024-02-29
第一作者简介:
赵俊威(1988—),男,博士、副教授、硕士生导师,储层沉积学、油气藏开发地质和油藏建模。E‑mail: zhaojunwei0201@126.com。
基金项目:
Junwei ZHAO1(), Haihang SUN2, Dongwei ZHANG3, Heng WANG4
Received:
2023-09-05
Revised:
2023-10-16
Online:
2024-02-01
Published:
2024-02-29
摘要:
滩坝砂体是重要的油气储层,其形成的水动力机制复杂多变,受露头及现代沉积等资料的局限性影响,坝体的发育过程、几何形态、动态演化模式及构型叠置关系尚不明确。针对以上问题,利用沉积数值模拟与现代沉积相结合的方法,对典型正向线性临滨坝的沉积演化过程及成因机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明:典型海相临滨坝完整的发育阶段包括锥形坝形成期、弯月坝发育期、条带状复合坝形成期、条带状复合坝扩大生长期以及条带状复合坝停止发育期,现代沉积中可见不同发育阶段的坝体。不同演化阶段的坝体受向岸流、环流、沿岸流和底流等水动力控制。锥形坝及弯月坝为多个小规模、近等间距规则排列的坝体,受向岸流及沿岸环流不断冲刷,锥形坝演化为弯月坝。锥形坝及弯月坝间发育裂流凹槽,坝顶可发育回流沟槽,为典型的顶积式沉积过程。弯月坝坝体及坝间凹槽不断被沉积充填,形成相对整一的条带状复合坝,此阶段表现为典型的侧积式沉积过程。复合坝在向岸流及底流改造下变宽、变厚,最终出露水面形成障壁型滨岸。复合坝内部构型可由多个锥形坝、弯月坝及坝间凹槽构成,呈锥形坝-裂流凹槽-锥形坝或弯月坝-裂流凹槽-弯月坝的构型叠置关系,剖面上呈厚—薄—厚的叠置特征。
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