塔里木盆地古城台缘带寒武系丘滩体沉积构型特征及储层分布规律

doi:10.11743/ogg20210303

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古城台缘带寒武系4期台缘丘滩体规模大、储层好，风险勘探中见到了好苗头，是塔里木盆地持续探索的重要新领域，但复杂的沉积模式、储层分布特征等成藏基本要素认识不清制约了油气勘探进程。基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定、储层岩相学和地球化学特征综合分析、地震相识别及储层预测等技术方法，解析了古城台缘带多期丘滩体的沉积结构类型和储层主要控制因素，构建出沉积构型约束下建设性成岩作用改造的储层分布模型。结果表明：寒武系台缘丘滩体内幕发育丘基、丘核、丘翼和丘坪4种微相类型，沉积能量向上逐渐增强，具有“加积型”和“前积型”2种沉积构型。早期1—2期相带具有垂向叠置结构特征，为“加积型”丘滩体，晚期3—4期相带侧向前积错叠，为“前积型”丘滩体。寒武系台缘丘滩体溶蚀孔洞优质储层发育，内部多套储层呈旋回分布，高能相带是储层发育的基础，大气淡水溶蚀是形成优质储层的关键因素。总体上丘滩体物性顶部好于下部、核部好于翼部；加积型丘滩体频繁暴露，储层呈“三明治”式垂向叠置分布，规模大；前积型丘滩体暴露时间长，储层呈“倒牙刷”式侧向错叠分布，物性好。研究认识为勘探部署中优选有利储集区带提供了重要的地质依据。

关键词: 沉积构型, 储集层, 丘滩体, 寒武系, 古城台缘带, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The four stages of massive Cambrian platform-margin mound-shoal complexes in Gucheng area are the new exploration targets in the Tarim Basin with some promising reservoirs encountered during wildcatting.However, a lack of understanding on the complexity in sedimentary models and reservoir distribution as well as other reservoir forming factors has limited further exploration.Based on core observation, thin section identification, petrographical and geochemical characterization of reservoirs, seismic facies description, and etc., this paper expounds on the identification of sedimentary configuration patterns of the complexes and major factors controlling the reservoirs, and the establishment of a reservoir distribution model under constructive diagenesis constrained by sedimentary configuration.The results show that there are four microfacies (i.e.mound base, mound core, mound flank and mound flat) developed inside the complexes with the sedimentary energy gradually increasing upward, and two types of sedimentary configurations (i.e."accretion type" and "progradation type").The facies belts formed during stages 1 and 2 are "accreted" mound-shoal complexes of vertical superimposition, and those during stages 3 and 4 are "progradational" mound-shoal complexes of lateral stacking.High-quality reservoirs with dissolved pores and cavities are well developed in multiple cyclic distribution with high-energy facies belts as the basis and meteoric water dissolution as an indispensable factor.Generally, the top of the mound-shoal complexes are better in physical properties compared with the bottom, core and flank.The frequently exposed mound-shoal complexes of accretion type contain large-scale reservoirs in a vertically "sandwich-shaped" superimposition distribution; while the long-term exposed progradation type has reservoirs of better physical properties in a laterally "inverted toothbrush-shaped" staggered distribution.The results may be of geological value to the prediction of potential hydrocarbon play fairways in exploration deployment.

Key words: sedimentary configuration, reservoir, mound-shoal complex, Cambrian, Gucheng platform-margin zone, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

张君龙,胡明毅,汪爱云,等. 塔里木盆地古城台缘带寒武系丘滩体沉积构型特征及储层分布规律[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(3): 557-569. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210303 Junlong Zhang,Mingyi Hu,Aiyun Wang,et al. Sedimentary configuration and reservoir distribution in the Cambrian mound-shoal complexes at platform margins of Gucheng area, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(3): 557-569. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210303

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井号	储层类型	岩心物性		测井解释	备注
井号	储层类型	孔隙度/%	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	孔隙度/%	备注
城探1	丘坪孔洞型	1.2~5.1 2.4	0.06~3.2 1.1	1.6~11.2 4.7	岩心缝洞被鞍形白云石等部分充填
	丘翼孔隙型	0.8~2.4 1.5	0.003~0.01 0.01	1.5~4.2 2.1	井壁取心
	丘基孔隙型	—	—	1.1~2.7 1.9	未取心
城探2	丘坪相孔洞型	0.7~1.6 0.9	0.01~13.1 2.1	2.1~3.8 3.2	岩心缝洞硅质充填严重
城探2	丘翼孔隙型	—	—	2.0~2.5 2.3	未取心

深度/m	样品类别	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	备注
6 887.43	丘坪相Ⅰ型颗粒白云岩	-1.05	-10.38	0.709 488
6 889.08	丘坪相Ⅰ型颗粒白云岩	-0.62	-8.92	0.709 699
6 889.08	粗晶鞍形白云石胶结物	-1.45	-8.13	0.709 39
6 889.98	丘坪相Ⅰ型颗粒白云岩	-0.61	-10.57	0.709 85
6 891.18	丘坪相Ⅰ型颗粒白云岩	-0.67	-9.32	0.709 66
6 935.52	丘坪相Ⅰ型颗粒白云岩	-0.47	-10.19	0.709 473
6 936.02	丘坪相Ⅰ型颗粒白云岩	-0.55	-8.11	0.710 795
7 125.60	丘翼相Ⅱ型颗粒白云岩	0.04	-8.57	0.709 276
7 138.40	丘翼相凝块结构白云岩	0.92	-8.87	0.709 313
6 876.53	中粗晶鞍形白云石胶结物	-0.4	-9.8	0.709 608	数据来源据参考文献30
6 888.63	粗晶鞍形白云石胶结物	-1.1	-9.2	0.709 253
6 937.97	中粗晶鞍形白云石胶结物	-1.0	-9.2	0.709 762
6 939.02	粗晶鞍形白云石胶结物	-0.8	-9.1	0.709 439
6 939.34	中粗晶鞍形白云石胶结物	-1.1	-8.2	0.709 027
6 888.75	粗晶方解石胶结物	-1.6	-12.8	0.710 08
6 888.73	粗晶异形方解石胶结物	-1.7	-11.8	0.710 34

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