同生逆断层伴生褶皱对冲积扇片状砂砾体及辫状水道沉积的控制——以准噶尔盆地西北缘湖湾区三叠系克拉玛依组为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用水槽沉积物理模拟再现了同生逆断层伴生褶皱影响下冲积扇的沉积过程，并进一步切片观察，分析了伴生褶皱影响下片状砂砾体和辫状水道的分布特征。在水槽沉积模拟的指导下，综合应用岩心、露头、密井网和地震资料，在同生逆断层伴生褶皱活动强度研究基础上，对准噶尔盆地西北缘湖湾区三叠系克拉玛依组下油组（克下组）冲积扇片状砂砾体和克上组辫状水道沉积构型进行识别，并依据露头定量规模和测井曲线标志对地下单一构型单元开展解剖，分析了同生逆断层伴生褶皱对片状砂砾体及辫状水道沉积过程、规模、方向以及叠置样式的控制作用。研究表明：近源端不发育伴生褶皱的区域为片状砂砾体优先沉积部位，片状砂砾体由主流方向向两侧迁移，单一片状砂砾体规模较大、侧向叠置程度较低，地下解剖单一片状砂砾体最小宽度约1 000 m，平均宽度1 400 m；在伴生褶皱边部和活动强度较小部位，片流砂砾体及辫状水道沿其绕流，并表现出由斜交物源方向向顺物源方向迁移的特点，单一片状砂砾体规模较小、侧向叠置程度较高，辫状水道呈交织条带状或宽带状，地下解剖单一片状砂砾体宽度最小为450 m，平均宽度1 000 m，单一辫状水道宽度150~350 m，厚1.5~8.1 m；在伴生褶皱活动强度较大部位无片状砂砾体沉积，辫状水道呈孤立窄带状，侧向连续性差，地下解剖单一辫状水道宽度80~120 m，厚1~4 m。

关键词: 片状砂砾体, 冲积扇, 辫状水道, 三叠系, 沉积构型, 同生逆断层伴生褶皱, 准噶尔盆地西北缘

Abstract:

This study applied the flume simulation to the deposition of alluvial fan controlled by syn-depositional reverse fault associated folds and conducted a sectional observation on the distribution of sheet glutenites and braided channels in the fan after the simulation.The result was then used as a guidance in an identification of sheet glutenites in the lower Triassic Karamay Formation and braided channels in upper Karamay Formation of the Huwan area in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin that comprehensively took into consideration the core, outcrop, infill well network and seismic data as well as information gained through studies on the intensity of syn-depositional reverse fault associated folds in the area.Individual subsurface single configured unit was also dissected and investigated according to quantitative outcrop scale and well log marks to study the process, scale, direction and superimposing styles of the deposition of sheet glutenites and braided channels under the control of the folds.The results show that sheet glutenites are preferentially deposited in locations near provenance and with underdeveloped folds.They are mostly large in size—at least 1 000 m wide and 1 400 m on average.They usually migrate from main stream pathway to both sides and are less laterally superimposed.In locations at the edge of folds or where folds are less active, the sheet glutenties and braided channels would flow around the folds and migrate from an obliquely crossing provenance way to a direction parallel to the provenance way.With the smallest ones of only 450 m in width and an average of 1000 m, the glutenites in these locations are small in size and laterally superimposed.The braided channels in these locations are interlaced or banded and about 150 m to 350 m wide and 1.5 m to 8.1 m thick.In locations where the folds are active, sheet glutenite is not observed and braided channels are narrow isolated bands of about 80 m to 120 m wide and 1 m to 4 m thick.

Key words: sheet glutenite, alluvial fan facies, braided channel, Triassic, sedimentary architecture, syn-depositional reverse fault associated fold, northwestern margin of Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

夏钦禹,吴胜和,冯文杰,等. 同生逆断层伴生褶皱对冲积扇片状砂砾体及辫状水道沉积的控制——以准噶尔盆地西北缘湖湾区三叠系克拉玛依组为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(2): 509-521. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210219 Qinyu Xia,Shenghe Wu,Wenjie Feng,et al. Controlling effects of syn-depositional reverse fault associated folds on the deposition in alluvial fan sheet glutenites and braided channels: A case study of the Triassic Karamay Formation in Huwan area, northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 509-521. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210219

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构型单元	片状砂砾体	辫流水道
岩性	不等粒砾岩、细砾岩	粗砂岩、细砾岩
沉积构造	块状	交错层理、平行层理
韵律性	正韵律	正韵律
电阻率/(Ω·m)	60~300	40~500
自然电位幅度差	大	大
测井曲线形态

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