塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比

doi:10.11743/ogg20050116

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔中、塔北古隆起构造演化及油气地质条件对比结果表明:中加里东期,塔中隆升使得中奥陶统缺失,风化壳岩溶发育,上奥陶统生油岩及礁滩相储层局限于古隆起分布;而塔北还处于台地-斜坡环境,中、上奥陶统较全,台缘相灰泥丘生油岩分布广,中奥陶统礁滩相层序不整合面岩溶储层发育。中晚加里东期,塔中强烈活动而发育3个背斜构造带,仅背斜顶部碳酸盐岩出露区发育风化壳岩溶;而塔北因整体抬升,风化壳岩溶因为碳酸盐岩未出露地表而不发育。晚加里东期,塔中因古隆起已形成而大量汇聚油气;而塔北则呈零星分散充注。早海西期,塔中东部相对抬高而使古隆起呈东高西低地势,在中西部沉积东河砂岩,在东部潜山带发育多个小规模风化壳岩溶储集体;塔北地区则发生强烈隆升,碳酸盐岩在鼻凸构造上整体暴露地表而发育大型风化壳岩溶系统。早海西期以后,塔中古隆起随盆地升降而呈残留古隆起,其东高西低的地势使其可以通过Ⅰ号断裂带汇聚阿瓦提凹陷油气;而塔北地区继续强烈隆升而呈继承性古隆起,为满加尔凹陷油气运移的主要指向区。据此,认为塔北油气勘探可向南斜坡拓展;而塔中可向西斜坡拓展,其东南外围地区应以寻找晚加里东期古油藏为主。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 古隆起, 构造演化, 油气地质条件, 古岩溶储层, 对比

Abstract:

Comparison of tectonic evolutions and petroleum geological conditions between Tazhong and Tabei palaeohighs shows that,in Middle Caledonian, Tazhong area was uplifted, resulting in the absence of Middle Ordovician and well developed weathered residuum and karst,while the Upper Ordovician source rock and reef flat reservoirs facies were limited on the palaeohigh. Tabei area was then still in a platform-slope environment, Upper and Middle Ordovician were relatively complete,lime-mud mound source rocks of platform edge facies were widely distributed, and karst reservoirs on the unconformable surface in the Middle Ordovician sequence of reef flat facies were well developed. In Middle-Late Caledonian, 3 anticlinal structural belts were developed in Tazhong area due to strong movement, and weathered residuum and karst were developed only in carbonate outcrops on top of the anticlines. Whereas Tabei area was overall uplifted, then weathered residuum and karst were undeveloped, because carbonates had not been cropping out. In Late Caledonian, large amount of hydrocarbons accumulated in Tazhong area, since the palaeohigh had been formed; while only sporadic charging of hydrocarbons occurred in Tabei area. In Early Hercynian, the eastern part of Tazhong area was relatively elevated, leading to the palaeohigh to have a topography of high in the east and low in the west. The Donghe Formation sandstone was deposited in the west-central part, while multiple small residuum-karst reservoirs were developed in the eastern buried hill zone. Tabei area was strongly uplifted, and carbonates in the nose structure had wholly been cropped out, resulting in the development of large residuum-karst system. After Early Hercynian, Tazhong palaeohigh became a residual palaeohigh along with elevation and subsidence of the basin, and the topography of high in the east and low in the west made it possible to collect and accumulate hydrocarbons in Awati sag through fracture belt Ⅰ. The strong and continuous uplifting of Tabei area made it to be an inherited palaeohigh and became the major directed area of hydrocarbons mirgration from Manjiar sag.Considering the situation the mentioned above, it is suggested that the petroleum exploration in Tabei area can be extended to the southern slope, while that in Tazhong area can be extended to the western slope, and the explortion in the southeast periphery area should be target at the Late Caledonian fossil oil accumulations.

Key words: Tarim Basin, palaeohigh, tectonic evolution, petroleum geological conditions, paleokasrt reservoirs, comparison

中图分类号:

TE111.1

徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等. 塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(1): 114-119,129. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050116 Xu Guoqiang,Liu Shugen,Li Guorong,et al. Comparison of tectonic evolutions and petroleum geological conditions in Tazhong and Tabei palaeohighs in Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(1): 114-119,129. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050116

参考文献

[1] 康玉柱.塔里木盆地油气勘查获巨大成果[J].石油与天然气地质,1989,10(3):14～20Kang Yuzhu.Great successes in oil and gas investigation in the Tarim basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1989,10(3):14-20
[2] 贾承造.塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚集规律[J]. 新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):177～183Jia Chengzao. Structural characteristics and oil/gas accumulative regularity in Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(3):177-183
[3] 张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油方向[J]. 西安石油学院学报,1997,12(3):8～13Zhang Zongming, Jia Chengzao. Palaeohighs in craton basin of Tarim and the exploration objectives[J]. Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute, 1997,12(3):8-13
[4] 何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1996
[5] 汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108～114 Tang Liangjie. An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,1997,19(2):108-114
[6] 张振生,李明杰,刘社平.塔中低凸起的形成演化[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2002, 29(1):28～31Zhang Zhensheng, Li Mingjie, Liu Sheping. Generation and evolution of Tazhong low uplift[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(1):28-31
[7] 朱莜敏,王贵文,谢庆宾.塔里木盆地志留系沉积体系及分布特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002, 26(3):5～11Zhu Xiaomin, Wang Guiweng, Xie Qingbin. Characteristics and distribution of depositional systems of Silurian in Tarim basin[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China (Natural Science), 2002, 26(3):5-11
[8] Harland W B, Armstrong R L, Cox A V,et al. A geologic time scale[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1989
[9] 梁狄刚.塔里木盆地油气勘探若干地质问题[J]. 新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):184～188 Liang Digang. Several geological problems of oil and gas exploration in Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1999, 20(3):184-188
[10] 王大锐.塔里木盆地中、上奥陶统烃源岩的碳同位素宏观证据[J]. 地质论评,2000,46(3):14～18Wang Darui. Macro-evidence of carbon isotopes for the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks in the Tarim basin[J]. Geological Review, 2000,46(3):14-18
[11] 林青,林壬子,王培荣,等.塔中北斜坡西部原油类型及主力油源层[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2001, 22(2):150～153Lin Qing, Lin Renzi, Wang Peirong,et al. Crude types and main source rocks in west part of north slope, central Tarim[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2001, 22(2):150-153
[12] 赵靖舟.塔里木盆地北部寒武系～奥陶系烃源岩重新认识[J]. 沉积学报,2001,19(1):117～124Zhao Jingzhou. Evoluation on the Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks from the north Tarim basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2001,19(1):117-124
[13] 马安来,张水昌,张大江,等. 轮南、塔河油田稠油油源对比[J], 石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):31～38Ma Anlai, Zhang Shuichang, Zhang Dajiang, et al. Oil and source correlation in Lunnan and Tahe heavy oil fields[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2004,25(1):31-38
[14] James N P, Choquette P W. Paleokarst[M]. New York:Springer,1988
[15] 代宗仰,周翼,陈景山,等.塔中中上奥陶统礁、滩相储层的特征及评价[J]. 西南石油学院学报,2001,23(4):1～4Dai Zongyang, Zhou Yi, Chen Jingshan, et al. The charactristics and evolution of Middle-Upper Ordovician reef and shoal related carbonate reservoir in Tazhong northern slope, Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 2001,23(4):1-4
[16] 王兴志,王振宇,马青,等. 塔里木盆地中部生物屑灰岩段滩体特征及储集性[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):58～62Wang Xinzhi, Wang Zhenyu, Ma Qing, et al. Characteristics and reservoir property of bioclastic limestone banks in central Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2002,23(1):58-62
[17] 徐杰,李涛,陈国光,等.塔里木盆地轮南潜山构造特征[J]. 石油学报,2002,23(5):14～18Xu Jie, Li Tao, Cheng Guoguang, et al. Structural features of the buried hill in Lunnan area of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2002,23(5):14-18
[18] 顾家裕,周兴熙,刘雯林,等. 塔里木盆地轮南潜山古岩溶作用及油气分布[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社, 2001. 67～187
[19] 叶德胜,林忠明.塔里木盆地北部寒武系-奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及油气远景[M]. 成都:四川大学出版社,2000
[20] 林忠民.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型油气藏形成条件[J]. 地质论评,2002, 48(4):371～376Lin Zhongmin. Formation condition of large-scale oil-gas pool in Ordovician carbonate rock in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Review,2002,48(4):371-376
[21] 牟泽辉,熊海河,朱宏权,等.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起的油气成藏演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质,1997, 18(3):228～242Mu Zehui, Xiong Haihe, Zhu Hongquan, et al. Evolution of oil reservoiring in Akekule uplift,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,1997, 18(3):228-24
[22] 王建宝,郭汝泰,肖贤明,等.塔里木盆地轮南低隆起早古生代油气藏的形成期次与时间研究[J]. 沉积学报,2002, 20(2):320～332Wang Jianbao, Guo Rutai, Xiao Xianming, et al. Timing and phases of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the formation of oil and gas pools in Lunnan low uplift of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2002, 20(2):320-332
[23] 吕修祥.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起志留系油气成藏机理初探[J]. 石油实验地质,1997, 19(4):328～331Lu Xiuxiang. Preliminary investigation on the formation mechanism of Silurian reservoir in Tazhong low-uplift of Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1997, 19(4):328-331
[24] 刘洛夫,赵建章,张永昌,等.塔里木盆地志留系沉积构造及沥青砂岩的特征[J]. 石油学报,2001,22(6):11～17Liu Luofu, Zhao Jianzhang, Zhang Yongchang, et al. The depositional and structural settings and the bituminous sandstone distribution characters of the Silurian in Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2001,22(6):11-17