构造应力在油气运聚成藏过程中的作用

doi:10.11743/ogg20050503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油气运移是各种因素综合作用的结果,但在构造活动期,构造应力是油气运聚的主要驱动力。构造应力引起的沉积岩石变形导致构造应力场呈非均一性的分布,形成若干个能量汇聚或耗散中心,为石油和天然气的运移和聚集提供驱动力,油气从高势区向低势区运移。油气运移具有沿破裂和断层向上运聚和从凹陷中心向周边运聚的趋势。破裂和断层为油气的运移提供了有利通道。准噶尔盆地在印支期和喜山期的构造运动最为强烈,构造运动对油气运聚的控制作用最大。印支期控制的石炭—二叠系油气系统,油气运移方向基本平行最大主应力梯度值的方向,油气运移从高值应力区向低值应力区运移,已探明的油气藏主要分布在主应力低值区以及应力等值线密集区的两侧。喜山期控制的侏罗系及第三系油气系统油气运聚主要发生在构造变形强烈的盆地南缘地区,油气总体运聚方向表现由南缘生油凹陷高值应力区指向北部低值应力区。盆地南部的呼图壁、车排子地区(独山子)、马桥和白家海等局部的构造应力低值区是油气富集成藏的有利地区。

关键词: 构造应力, 油气运聚, 物理模拟, 成藏动力学, 构造活动期

Abstract:

Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation are the results of combined action of various factors,but tectonic stress is the main driving force of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation during tectonic active period.Sedimentary rock deformation caused by tectonic stress results in heterogeneous distribution of tectonic stress field with several concourse and dissipation centers of energy,driving oil and gas to migrate from high potential area to low potential area.Hydrocarbons tend to migrate upward along fractures and faults and from the sag's center to its periphery area.Fractures and faults act as the favorable pathways of hydrocarbon migration.Tectonic movements were most intensive during Indosinian and Himalayan in Junggar basin and had the largest control on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.As for the Permo-Carboniferous petroleum system controlled by Indosinian tectonic movement,the direction of hydrocarbon migration was basically in parallel with the maximum major stress gradient, and hydrocarbons migrated from high stress area to low stress area.The discovered oil and gas reservoirs are mainly distributed in the low major stress area and on both sides of area with dense stress contour lines.While the Tertiary petroleum system controlled by Himalayan tectonic movement,hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mainly occurred in the southern edge of the basin with strong tectonic deformation,and hydrocarbons have migrated from the high stress area on the southern edge of oil-generating depression to the low stress area in the north.The local low tectonic stress areas in the southern part of the basin,such as Hutubi,Chepaizi(Dushanzi),Maqiao and Baijiahai,are favorable for hydrocarbons to enrich and accumulate.

Key words: tectonic stress, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, physical modeling, reservoiring dynamics, tectonic active period

中图分类号:

TE112.1

王毅,宋岩,单家曾. 构造应力在油气运聚成藏过程中的作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(5): 563-571. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050503 Wang Yi,Song Yan,Shan Jiazeng. Action of tectonic stress on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(5): 563-571. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050503

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