古巴地区沉积盆地演化与油气成藏条件

doi:10.11743/ogg20150306

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结合古巴群岛构造演化及古地理格局，对比分析了北古巴前陆盆地和古巴中部盆地的演化过程及油气地质条件，认为中新生代加勒比板块北缘的弧陆碰撞活动是控制古巴地区油气成藏的关键因素。古巴群岛及其周缘地区在侏罗纪裂陷期-白垩纪被动大陆边缘时期发育良好的烃源岩，烃源岩分布范围受到古地理格局的控制。白垩纪末期-古新世加勒比板块与北美板块的碰撞控制了古巴地区储盖组合及其配置关系，发育有效区域盖层是北古巴前陆盆地油气成藏的重要条件。白垩纪末期，古加勒比弧在碰撞作用下推覆北美被动大陆边缘，下部烃源岩受到荷载开始成熟。弧陆碰撞形成的大型冲断带及断层为油气的聚集提供了良好的运移通道，使得油气聚集在侏罗系-白垩系碳酸盐岩裂缝、火山岩裂缝、火山碎屑岩以及古近系砂岩等储层中，并形成了构造、地层、岩性及复合型等油气藏。

关键词: 油气分布, 褶皱冲断带, 板块边缘, 古巴

Abstract: This paper compared the evolution and petroleum geological conditions of the foreland basin in northern Cuba and the basin in central Cuba based on the evolution history and paleogeography setting of the Cuba islands.The Meso-Cenozoic arc-continent collision of northern boundary of Caribbean Plate is thought to be the key factor controlling the oil and gas accumulation in Cuba.High quality source rocks were developed in Cuba islands and its surrounding platforms during the Late Jurassic rifting and the Cretaceous passive continental margin periods.The distribution of the source rocks was controlled by the paleogeography setting.The reservoir-cap rock assemblages were controlled by the collision between the Caribbean plate and North America plate in the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene.The effective regional cap rock was an important condition for oil accumulation in the foreland basin of northern Cuba.At the end of Cretaceous, the thrust of the Caribbean Arc over the North America plate promoted the maturation of the source rocks.The large thrust fault zone and faults resulted from arc-continent collision provided the pathways for hydrocarbon migrating to and accumulating in the reservoirs such as the fractured Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonates, fractured volcanic rocks, pyroclastic rock and Paleocene sandstone, leading to the formation of structural, stratigraphic, lithological and composite reservoirs.

Key words: oil and gas distribution, fold thrust belt, plate boundary, Cuba

中图分类号:

TE122.2

陈榕,吴朝东,申延平. 古巴地区沉积盆地演化与油气成藏条件[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(3): 385-392. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150306 Chen Rong,Wu Chaodong,Shen Yanping. Sedimentary basin evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Cuba[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(3): 385-392. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150306

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