石油与天然气地质 ›› 2009, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 127-135.doi: 10.11743/ogg20090201

• 西部油气勘探 •    下一篇

塔里木斜坡带类型、特征及其与油气聚集的关系

金之钧, 云金表, 周波   

  1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2008-12-03 出版日期:2009-04-25 发布日期:2012-01-16
  • 基金项目:

    中石化科技部项目(G0800-07-ZS-173)

Types and characteristics of slope zones in Tarim Basin and their relationship with oil accumulation

Jin Zhijun, Yun Jinbiao, Zhou Bo   

  1. 1. SINOPEC Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2008-12-03 Online:2009-04-25 Published:2012-01-16

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摘要：

根据斜坡带的形成和演化特点,将塔里木盆地古生界斜坡带划分为3类,即同沉积古斜坡、构造斜坡和叠合斜坡。按照沉积物的补偿特征,斜坡又可分为上斜坡和下斜坡。前者是台地的的延伸,后者是盆地区的延伸。塔里木盆地沉积斜坡在盆地的不同沉降阶段都有发育,主要形成于古生代,特别是寒武纪和奥陶纪。沉积期台缘上斜坡带是碳酸盐岩高能相带发育区,台缘下斜坡是碎屑岩地层-岩性圈闭发育区。沉积古斜坡带发育了以礁滩体为主要储层、以致密碳酸盐岩或上奥陶统泥岩为主要盖层的成藏组合。构造斜坡是指受区域构造运动或局部构造隆升作用形成的,上部以剥蚀为主,下部沉积埋藏的斜坡区。斜坡环绕古隆起周缘分布,离古隆起区越近,剥蚀作用越强。对于碎屑岩沉积体系而言,构造斜坡上、下斜坡过渡区,是地层-岩性的变化带,也是各类地层-岩性圈闭发育的有利区带。对于碳酸盐岩地层来说,不整合面的发育对下伏地层改造作用强烈,有利于岩溶作用的发育和缝洞型储层的形成。构造斜坡发育的岩溶储层与不同层系泥岩盖层构成有利的成藏组合。综合塔里木油气田特征得出结论,多期叠合、同向叠合斜坡和枢纽带是油气分布最有利的区域。

关键词: 斜坡带, 油气成藏组合, 油气分布, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The Paleozoic slope zones in Tarim basin are divided into three types according to the characteristics of their formation and evolution:syndepositional paleo-slope,structural slope and superimposed slope.The slopes can also be classified into upper slope and lower slope in accordance with sediment compensation characteristics.The former is the extension of the platform and the latter is the stretch-out of the basin.Slope zones were developed in different evolution stages of the basin,mainly during the Paleozoic,the Cambrian and the Ordovician in particular.The high-energy phase belts of carbonates were developed in the upper slope of platform margin,while clastic stratigraphic-lithologic traps were formed in the lower slope of platform margin.Reservoir assemblage with deposits of reef-bank facies as the main reservoirs and tight carbonates or the Upper Ordovician mudstone as the caps was developed in the palaeo-slope zone.The structural slopes were resulted from regional tectonic movement or local uplift and are characterized by erosion in the upper part and deposition in the lower part.The slopes distribute around the margin of the palaeohighs,and the nearer of the slopes to the uplift,the stronger the erosion.For clastic sedimentary system,the transitional zone between the upper and lower slopes is a place where stratigraphy and lithology change and favorable for the formation of stratigraphic-lithology traps.As for the carbonate sedimentary system,the development of unconformity exerts a strong shaping effect upon the underlying layers,being favorable for the formation of karst and fractured-vuggy reservoirs.The karst reservoirs developed on the structural slope together with the mudstone caps form favorable reservoir assemblages.A comprehensive analysis of oil and gas fields in the basin indicates that multiphase concordant superimposed slopes and hinge zones are the potential areas for oil and gas accumulations.

Key words: slope zone, reservoir assemblage, oil and gas distribution, Tarim basin

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