深水块体搬运沉积体系研究进展

doi:10.11743/ogg20180114

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球普遍发育的深水块体搬运沉积体系是大陆边缘地层重要的组成部分，系统地认识该类沉积体有助于深化深水搬运过程认识、拓展深水油气勘探领域及控制海域工程设施风险。通过国际上研究成果梳理，深水块体搬运沉积体系是指除浊流外的水下重力流沉积物组合，结构上可分为头部、体部和趾部，可根据搬运过程和沉积物成因进行类型划分。其形成需具备沉积物重力流条件，变形过程符合宾汉塑性体特征，形成的沉积体规模大小不一，内部具有多种运动学指向，一般通过地震、岩心和测井等资料加以识别。深水块体搬运沉积体系可以形成油气的盖层和储层，是深水区潜在勘探目标。综合分析认为，目前仍存在深水块体搬运过程认识需要深化和统一、不同地质背景下深水块体搬运沉积体系的形成条件研究不足、与浊流沉积物的区别、古代与现代深水块体搬运沉积体系共性与差异性研究、岩相类型和岩相组合认识的统一等相关问题。指出未来深水块体搬运沉积体系研究主要集中在多资料、多尺度特征分析，形成条件特别是触发机制深入研究，水下块体搬运机理、沉积物组成及深水重力流沉积物一体化研究，何种环境下可以形成烃源岩、储层或盖层，古代深水块体搬运沉积体系解剖，以及侵蚀能力和地质风险评估。

关键词: 重力流, 流变学, 滑动, 滑塌, 碎屑流, 块体搬运沉积体系, 深水

Abstract: Prevalent deep-water mass-transport deposits (MTDs) are important components of sedimentary formation on continental margins around the world.A systematic study on the depositional system is helpful to deeply understanding deep-water transport process, opening up new deep-water plays and reducing risks of offshore engineering facilities.Based on an literature review, deep-water MTDs refer to assemblage of all underwater gravity flow deposits except for turbidite deposits.They can be structurally segmented into three parts, namely head, body and toe.Besides, they can be divided into different types according to transport processes and sediment origins.Sediment gravity flow conditions are essential for deep-water MTDs to form, and their deformation processes should conform to the characteristics of Bingham Plastics.These depositional systems have different scales and contain various kinematic indicators, which can be generally recognized by using seismic, core and well logging data.Deep-water MTDs can form both seals and reservoirs, thus are potential exploration targets in deep-water area.A comprehensive analysis indicates that many problems still exist in the study of deep-water MTDs.For example, (1) the understanding of deep-water mass-transport process should be further deepened and unified;(2) the study on their forming conditions in different settings should be strengthened;(3) the differences between deep-water MTDs and turbidites should be more thoroughly understood;(4) the differences and commonalities between ancient and modern deep-water MTDs should be clear;and (5) the understanding of lithofacies types and lithofacies associations should be unified.It is proposed that future studies should focus on:(1) multi-scale characterization with data of multiple sources;(2) forming conditions, especially triggering mechanisms;(3) integrated research of underwater mass transport mechanism, deposit composition and deep-water gravity-flow deposits;(4) forming conditions of source, reservoir or cap rocks;(4) fine description of ancient deep-water MTDs;and (5) assessment on erosional ability and geological risks.

Key words: gravity flow, rheology, slide, slump, debris flow, mass-transport deposits, deep-water

中图分类号:

TE121.3

秦雁群,万仑坤,计智锋,等. 深水块体搬运沉积体系研究进展[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(1): 140-152. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180114 Qin Yanqun,Wan Lunkun,Ji Zhifeng,et al. Progress of research on deep-water mass-transport deposits[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(1): 140-152. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180114

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