长石溶解-沉淀的热力学和动力学特征及其对储层物性的影响——以渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷沙三段为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20200204

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长石溶解及其次生孔隙的形成对砂岩储层质量具有重要影响。为了研究渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷有利孔隙发育带，利用长石溶解-沉淀的热力学和动力学计算，结合薄片分析、孔隙度和渗透率资料，开展了对沙三段长石次生孔隙发育的研究。结果显示，现今的地层水多有利于长石沉淀，部分区域发生长石溶解。结合孔隙度平面分布图和镜下薄片分析可知：孔隙度发育较好的区域主要是钾长石发生溶解，钙长石ΔG < -15 kJ/mol溶解速率较快和钠长石ΔG < 15 kJ/mol沉淀速率较慢的区域。此外，粘土矿物（高岭石等）在长石溶解形成的次生孔隙中的沉淀，降低了储层的渗透率；且在埋深超过3 000 m的区域，地层水中的SiO₂（aq）沉淀速率的显著加快降低了储层孔隙度。综上：埋藏环境中，长石的溶解对于次生孔隙的贡献十分重要，但是如果其副产物未发生迁移则对次生孔隙的贡献较小，并且较高的粘土矿物含量会降低储层的渗透率。本文对于利用热力学和动力学模型预测储层发育提供了新的方法。

关键词: 地层水, 长石溶解-沉淀, 热力学, 动力学, 储层物性, 渤南洼陷, 渤海湾盆地

Abstract:

Feldspar dissolution along with the formation of secondary pores has a great impact on sandstone reservoir qua-lity.In order to study belts favorable for pore development in the Bonan sag, Bohai Bay Basin, we mainly focused on the research of secondary pores of feldspar in the Es³, by means of thermodynamics and kinetics calculation of feldspar dissolution-precipitation, combined with petrologic characteristics such as thin section observation, porosity and permeability data.The results show that formation water nowadays is favorable for the precipitation of feldspars, with feldspars in some areas having dissolved.According to the horizontal distribution of porosity and the thin section observation under microscope, we may conclude that the areas of better porosity are characterized by K-feldspar dissolution, fast dissolution of anorthite (ΔG < -15 kJ/mol) and slow precipitation of albite (ΔG < 15 kJ/mol).In addition, the reservoir permeability decreases as clay minerals (including kaolinite) precipitate in those secondary pores with feldspar dissolution.Meanwhile the reservoir porosity decrease accelerates significantly when SiO₂ (aq) precipitation in the formation water in areas is triggered at a burial depth of over 3 000 m.In all, the feldspar dissolution has a great contribution to the formation of secondary pores in burial.However, the contribution may be compromised if by-products from feldspar dissolution are not removed, and higher clay content also tends to undermine the reservoir permeability.The study is a positive demonstration of a new way to predict reservoir quality by thermodynamics and kinetics models.

Key words: formation water, feldspar dissolution-precipitation, thermodynamics, kinetics, reservoir quality, Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

沈臻欢,于炳松,白辰阳,等. 长石溶解-沉淀的热力学和动力学特征及其对储层物性的影响——以渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷沙三段为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 270-283. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200204 Zhenhuan Shen,Bingsong Yu,Chenyang Bai,et al. The impact of thermodynamics and kinetics of feldspar dissolution-precipitation on reservoir quality: A case study from the Es³, Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 270-283. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200204

图/表 13

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷沙三段地层水相关参数"

序号	井号	深度/m	温度/℃	pH值	总矿化度/ (g·L^-1)	水型	离子浓度/(mmol·L^-1)												a_Ca²⁺
序号	井号	深度/m	温度/℃	pH值	总矿化度/ (g·L^-1)	水型	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^－	SO₄^2-	OH^-	HCO₃^-	CO₃^2-	I	a_Na⁺	a_K⁺	a_Ca²⁺
1	义69	3520.1	144.3	6	1.66	硫酸钠	18.4	0.1	2.2	1.2	14.7	2.1	0	6.4	0	0.031	15.14	0.08	1.04
2	义601-1	3275.6	134.3	8.25	13.31	碳酸氢钠	163.6	0.8	3.2	2.6	133.1	0	0	42.9	0	0.182	116.25	0.56	0.86
3	义288	2932.6	120.2	6.62	4.46	氯化镁	63.5	0.3	2.5	2.6	63.8	2.4	0	5.6	0	0.082	48.64	0.24	0.91
4	渤古403	3034.4	124.4	6.5	1.89	氯化镁	15.6	0.1	3.3	5.0	25.2	1.3	0	4.2	0	0.042	12.64	0.06	1.45
5	渤深8	3828.7	157.0	6.5	1.95	氯化镁	14.8	0.1	4.2	3.3	15.2	3.0	0	8.7	0	0.040	11.92	0.06	1.81
6	罗902	2259.0	92.6	7	12.34	碳酸氢钠	183.4	0.9	2.4	0.4	131.1	8.9	0	40.8	0	0.202	131.82	0.63	0.68
7	义135	3704.0	151.9	6	13.37	氯化钙	200.1	1.0	2.2	2.9	210.0	0	0	14.3	0	0.223	138.57	0.66	0.54
8	义136	3082.0	126.4	7	7.15	碳酸氢钠	98.4	0.5	0.9	0.7	54.5	0.6	0	46.4	0	0.104	73.66	0.36	0.31
9	义141	3052.9	125.2	6.5	2.32	氯化钙	16.7	0.1	9.8	1.2	29.9	3.2	0	2.3	0	0.053	13.25	0.07	4.04
10	义142	2638.0	108.2	7	7.28	碳酸氢钠	95.6	0.5	0.8	5.0	58.3	6.0	0	37.3	0	0.119	71.29	0.35	0.27
11	义172	3187.4	130.7	5	69.95	氯化钙	707.3	3.6	132.4	143.4	1246.3	0	0	10.2	0	1.535	490.85	1.89	26.91
12	义115	3855.5	158.1	6	4.51	氯化镁	33.9	0.2	7.9	13.7	60.3	2.2	0	12.1	0	0.101	25.14	0.12	2.53
13	埕915	1699.6	69.7	9	14.10	碳酸氢钠	213.4	1.1	1.1	0.4	151.8	4.2	0	52.0	2.6	0.226	153.91	0.74	0.30
14	义631	2858.6	117.2	7	11.85	碳酸氢钠	139.6	0.7	10.9	4.2	90.8	0	0	79.7	0	0.186	99.79	0.48	3.04
15	义943	3163.0	129.7	8	28.90	碳酸氢钠	473.4	2.4	5.1	0.8	471.1	0	0	16.5	0	0.494	315.09	1.43	1.07
16	义283	3162.7	129.7	5.78	3.83	氯化钙	46.1	0.2	4.7	6.0	66.0	0	0	1.5	0	0.078	35.32	0.17	1.71
17	义944	3574.1	146.5	6.37	126.32	氯化镁	1199.3	6.0	8.2	542.8	1996.0	138.1	0	18.5	0	2.988	982.69	3.05	2.25
18	义601	3232.8	132.5	7.5	20.09	碳酸氢钠	315.5	1.6	3.6	1.2	283.0	2.4	0	38.5	0	0.334	214.05	1.00	0.83
19	义173	3424.4	140.4	7.5	22.70	碳酸氢钠	323.2	1.6	2.3	3.0	186.7	23.3	0	101.7	0	0.364	217.14	1.01	0.50
20	义251	3191.4	130.8	7	19.43	碳酸氢钠	276.7	1.4	3.0	15.1	251.8	7.6	0	47.4	0	0.340	187.67	0.88	0.69
21	义281	2288.5	93.8	6	20.45	氯化钙	216.0	1.1	51.4	10.3	296.5	1.5	0	40.7	0	0.403	148.17	0.69	12.08
22	义361	3464.9	142.1	8.02	24.36	碳酸氢钠	379.5	1.9	2.1	0.1	297.9	15.6	0	56.3	0	0.403	253.21	1.17	0.44
23	义180	3216.9	131.9	6.8	12.30	碳酸氢钠	179.6	0.9	1.2	2.2	127.8	3.9	0	51.4	0	0.194	127.03	0.61	0.31
24	义184	3245.6	133.1	10.75	7.51	碳酸氢钠	108.2	0.5	8.7	0.0	88.3	0	0	12.6	12.6	0.147	78.29	0.38	2.56
25	义185	3218.6	132.0	7.35	6.42	氯化镁	78.0	0.4	7.8	5.5	81.7	5.2	0	12.7	0	0.123	57.38	0.28	2.42
26	义179	2926.1	120.0	8.69	2.07	硫酸钠	26.2	0.1	1.9	1.6	24.0	2.6	0	4.1	0	0.039	21.33	0.11	0.86
27	渤古4	3444.3	141.2	7.11	7.06	碳酸氢钠	97.8	0.5	0.3	0.5	50.1	1.3	0	47.2	0	0.102	72.89	0.36	0.08
28	罗683	2785.6	114.2	6.06	4.05	碳酸氢钠	49.5	0.2	4.6	1.5	40.2	2.8	0	16.2	0	0.071	38.50	0.19	1.76
29	罗322	2257.0	92.5	7.34	6.86	碳酸氢钠	102.9	0.5	1.6	1.0	86.1	0.9	0	20.6	0	0.112	77.60	0.38	0.55
30	义183	3998.0	163.9	8.6	19.33	碳酸氢钠	281.0	1.4	1.2	1.2	167.7	17.6	0	83.9	0	0.307	188.55	0.88	0.25
31	罗69	2966.0	121.6	6.5	11.22	氯化镁	169.0	0.8	5.2	4.0	171.0	3.3	0	10.3	0	0.201	119.82	0.57	1.40
32	义123-1	3344.8	137.1	7.82	97.21	氯化钙	1625.9	8.2	11.6	0.0	1638.9	0	0	16.0	0	1.668	1138.31	4.29	2.38
33	罗152	3096.0	126.9	9	15.58	氯化钙	189.2	1.0	38.3	0.5	256.1	0	0	7.2	2.2	0.309	129.44	0.61	9.03
34	义289	3500.0	143.5	7.58	49.59	碳酸氢钠	682.4	3.4	11.8	25.1	530.0	0	0	228.4	0	0.796	447.13	1.93	2.24
35	义176	3773.8	154.7	8.32	22.97	碳酸氢钠	363.4	1.8	2.4	1.3	306.4	16.9	0	32.0	0	0.393	241.10	1.11	0.49
36	义286	3260.0	133.7	7.37	40.87	碳酸氢钠	643.2	3.2	1.2	1.2	506.1	32.2	0	79.8	0	0.685	423.83	1.86	0.23
37	罗321	1800.0	73.8	8.5	10.05	碳酸氢钠	158.4	0.8	0.3	0.1	120.0	1.4	0	28.2	4.4	0.166	116.66	0.56	0.09
38	罗357	2579.0	105.7	8	6.93	碳酸氢钠	88.9	0.4	0.8	0.2	27.7	0.4	0	62.6	0	0.092	67.76	0.33	0.27
39	罗151	3062.6	125.6	8	24.08	氯化钙	351.0	1.8	23.6	1.8	377.7	0	0	25.8	0	0.429	235.68	1.08	5.12
40	垦629	2042.0	83.7	8	6.09	碳酸氢钠	83.8	0.4	0.7	1.2	49.8	0	0	38.2	0	0.090	64.64	0.32	0.27
41	义501-1	2936.3	120.4	7.25	15.12	氯化镁	247.4	1.2	2.4	2.4	252.4	1.8	0	2.2	0	0.265	171.72	0.81	0.59
42	义193	3312.5	135.8	8.45	1.53	氯化镁	18.1	0.1	1.8	1.5	18.6	1.6	0	3.0	0	0.030	14.99	0.07	0.88
43	罗71	1987.2	81.5	8.15	9.37	碳酸氢钠	145.3	0.7	1.4	1.0	127.6	0.6	0	22.1	0	0.154	107.31	0.52	0.44
44	义292	3556.6	145.8	8.58	0.72	硫酸钠	8.3	0.0	1.0	0.9	8.1	1.2	0	0.8	0.4	0.015	7.15	0.04	0.55
45	义189	3174.0	130.1	7.28	15.28	氯化镁	244.2	1.2	1.2	6.3	247.7	5.1	0	2.6	0	0.273	168.22	0.80	0.30
46	义50	3149.4	129.1	7.3	18.24	碳酸氢钠	288.8	1.5	3.2	1.0	262.4	3.7	0	28.9	0	0.306	197.48	0.93	0.75
47	义633	2740.5	112.4	7	8.92	氯化钙	125.3	0.6	5.5	7.9	142.0	3.0	0	4.8	0	0.169	90.52	0.44	1.58

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

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矿物	表面积/(cm²·g^-1)	溶解		成核		反应级数n
矿物	表面积/(cm²·g^-1)	k₂₅/(mol·cm^-2·s^-1)	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	k₂₅/(mol·cm^-2·s^-1)	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	反应级数n
钾长石	9.8	8.710×10^-15	51.7	3.890×10^-17	38.0	0.500
钠长石	9.8	6.918×10^-15	65.0	2.754×10^-17	69.8	0.457
钙长石	9.8	3.162×10^-8	16.6	7.568×10^-17	17.8	1.411
高岭石	151.6			6.918×10^-18	22.2	0.777
石英	9.8			1.023×10^-18	87.7	0

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