塔里木盆地巴楚-塔中地区寒武系盐下白云岩储层成岩作用及物性特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20200208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地巴楚-塔中地区盐下白云岩有效储层空间非均质性较强，储层分布不仅受颗粒滩、生物礁等高能沉积相带影响，成岩改造作用成岩改造作用也相当显著。通过对巴楚-塔中地区井下样品的显微观测、地化分析及测井资料配套解释，详细刻画了盐下白云岩特征，进一步认识了成岩改造过程及其对白云岩储集体的制约机制。结果表明，下寒武统盐下白云岩主要为泥粉晶白云岩、颗粒云岩、微生物白云岩和细晶白云岩，储集体主体呈现出早期经历过大气淡水成岩改造作用，中期孔隙度保持，晚期储集物性进一步改善的演化趋势；盐下白云岩优质储层是适中白云石化作用、上覆膏盐岩层对下伏层段的遮挡作用，以及后期热流体溶蚀改造作用共同叠加的结果；构造-热流体对储层的改造在垂向上分为5个成岩作用带，即热流体矿物发育带、热流体角砾化作用带、裂缝发育带、溶蚀作用带和热流体白云石胶结带，其中溶蚀作用带对储层建设作用最强，其次为裂缝发育带。

关键词: 储层, 成岩作用, 热流体白云石化, 盐下白云岩, 寒武系, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The effective subsalt dolomite reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are characterized by great spatial heterogeneity.The reservoir distribution therein is under the influence of both high-energy sedimentary facies belts such as grain shoal and organic reef facies, and diagenetic modification.To further understand the restriction mechanism of diagenetic modification on dolomite reservoirs, we thoroughly described the subsalt dolomite characteristics through microscopic observation, geochemical analysis and logging data interpretation of drilling core samples taken from Bachu-Tazhong areas.The results indicate that the Lower Cambrian subsalt dolomites are dominated by micrite dolomite, grain dolomite, microorganism dolomite and fine-crystalline dolomite.The reservoirs mainly evolved from early-stage diagenetic modification by meteoric water, middle-stage porosity preservation, to continuous improvement of reservoir properties at later stages.The high-quality subsalt dolomite reservoirs are the combined products of proper dolomitization, shielding effect of the overlying gypsolytes on the underlying intervals, and dissolution by thermal fluids in the later periods.Vertically, there are five diagenetic zones in the reservoir under tectonic-hydrothermal modification:hydrothermal mineral developing zone, hydrothermal brecciation zone, fracture developing zone, dissolution zone, and hydrothermal dolomite zone of cementation.Among them, the dissolution zone is the most significant contributor to reservoir improvement, followed by the fracture developing zone.

Key words: reservoir, diagenesis, hydrothermal dolomitization, subsalt dolomite, Cambrian, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

程丽娟,李忠,刘嘉庆,等. 塔里木盆地巴楚-塔中地区寒武系盐下白云岩储层成岩作用及物性特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 316-327. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200208 Lijuan Cheng,Zhong Li,Jiaqing Liu,et al. Diagenesis and physical properties of subsalt dolomite reservoirs of the Cambrian, Bachu-Tazhong areas, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 316-327. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200208

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 32

1	Thompson D L , Stilwell J D , Hall M . Lacustrine carbonate reservoirs from Early Cretaceous rift lakes of Western Gondwana:Pre-Salt coquinas of Brazil and West Africa[J]. Gondwana Research, 2015, 28 (1): 26- 51.
2	Muniz M C , Bosence D W J . Pre-salt microbialites from the Campos Basin (offshore Brazil):image log facies, facies model and cyclicity in lacustrine carbonates[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2015, 418 (1): 221- 242.
3	贾承造, 魏国齐, 姚慧君, 等. 盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1995: 6- 42.
	Jia Chengzao , Wei Guoqi , Yao Huijun , et al. Basin tectonic evolution and regional tectonic geology[M]. Beijng: Petroleum Industry Press, 1995: 174.
4	邬光辉, 李浩武, 徐彦龙, 等. 塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造-热事件及其结构与演化[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 28 (8): 2435- 2452.
	Wu Guanghui , Li Haowu , Xu Yanlong , et al. The tectonothermal events, architecture and evolution of Tarim craton basement palaeo-uplifts[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 28 (8): 2435- 2452.
5	汤良杰, 黄太柱, 邱海峻, 等. 塔里木盆地中央隆起带中、西段及邻区中、下寒武统盐相关构造及其变形机理[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2013, 43 (1): 33- 43.
	Tang Liangjie , Huang Taizhu , Qiu Haijun , et al. Salt-related structure and deformation mechanism of the Middle-Lower Cambrian in the middle-west parts of the Central Uplift and adjacent areas of the Tarim Basin[J]. Science in China:Earth Sciences, 2013, 43 (1): 33- 43.
6	郑和荣, 吴茂炳, 邬兴威, 等. 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层油气勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2007, 28 (2): 1- 8.
	Zheng Herong , Wu Maobing , Wu Xingwei , et al. Oil-gas exploration prospect of dolomite reservoirin the Lower Paleozoic of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007, 28 (2): 1- 8.
7	吴根耀, 李曰俊, 刘亚雷, 等. 塔里木西北部乌什-柯坪-巴楚地区古生代沉积-构造演化及成盆动力学背景[J]. 古地理学报, 2013, 15 (2): 203- 218.
	Wu Genyao , Li Yuejun , Liu Yalei , et al. Paleozoic sedimento-tectonic evolution and basin dynamic settings in Wushi-Kalpin-Bachu area, northwest Tarim[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 15 (2): 203- 218.
8	余浩元, 蔡春芳, 郑剑锋, 等. 微生物结构对微生物白云岩孔隙特征的影响:以塔里木盆地柯坪地区肖尔布拉克组为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40 (2): 233- 243.
	Yu Haoyuan , Cai Chunfang , Zheng Jianfeng , et al. Influence of microbial textures on pore characteristics of microbial dolomites:a case study of Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in Keping area, Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40 (2): 233- 243.
9	Machel H.G. , Lonnee J. . Hydrothermal dolomite-a product of poor definition and imagination[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2002, 152 (3-4): 163- 171.
10	Davies G R , Smith L B . Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90 (11): 1641- 1690.
11	Cai C , Hu W , Worden R H . Thermochemical sulphate reduction in Cambro-Ordovician Carbonates in Central Tarim[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2001, 18 (6): 729- 741.
12	邵小明, 文山师, 刘存革, 等. 塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造控制热液白云岩储层分布与勘探前景[J]. 地质科技情报, 2017, (02): 151- 155.
	Shao Xiaoming , Wen Shanshi , Liu Cunge , et al. Distribution and exploration prospect of structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir in Xiaoerbulake formation of Lower Cambrian, Tahe oil field[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2017, (02): 151- 155.
13	凌东明, 姚仙洲, 田军, 等. 地震振幅差异属性在低序级断层定向识别中的应用——以塔里木盆地轮南油田为例[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26 (01): 33- 36.
	Ling Dongming , Yao Xianzhou , Tian Jun , et al. Application of seismic amplitude change attribute to direction identification of low-level fault:a case study of Lunnan Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2019, 26 (01): 33- 36.
14	Zhu D , Meng Q , Jin Z , et al. Formation mechanism of deep Cambrian dolomite reservoirs in theTarim basin, northwestern China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, 59 (59): 232- 244.
15	王玉伟, 陈红汉, 郭会芳, 等. 塔里木盆地顺1走滑断裂带超深储层油气充注历史[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40 (5): 972- 989.
	Wang Yuwei , Chen Honghan , Guo Huifang , et al. Hydrocarbon charging history of the ultra-deep reservoir in Shun 1 strike-slip fault zone, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40 (5): 972- 989.
16	李晓剑, 王毅, 李慧莉, 等. 塔里木盆地中央隆起带:新元古代造山型基底拼合带——来自深钻孔的碎屑记录证据[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39 (6): 1131- 1145.
	Li Xiaojian , Wang Yi , Li Huili , et al. Central uplift of Tarim Basin being the Neoproterozoic basement structure zone of orogeny origin:Evidences from clastic samples of deep holes[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39 (6): 1131- 1145.
17	杨宗玉, 罗平, 刘波, 等. 塔里木盆地阿克苏地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组两套黑色岩系的差异及成因[J]. 岩石学报, 2017, 33 (6): 1893- 1918.
	Yang Zongyu , Luo Ping , Liu Bo , et al. The difference and sedimentation of two black rock series from Yurtus Formation during the earliest Cambrian in the Aksu area of Tarim Basin, Northwest China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2017, 33 (6): 1893- 1918.
18	李佳蔚, 李忠, 邱楠生, 等. 塔里木盆地石炭-二叠纪异常热演化及其对深部构造-岩浆活动的指示[J]. 地球物理学报, 2016, 59 (9): 3318- 3329.
	Li Jiawei , Li Zhong , Qiu Nansheng , et al. Carboniferous-Permian abnormal thermal evolution of the Tarim basin and its implication for deep structure and magmatic activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59 (9): 3318- 3329.
19	黄擎宇, 刘迪, 叶宁, 等. 塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩储层特征及成岩作用[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2013, 37 (6): 63- 74.
	Huang Qingyu , Liu Di , Ye Ning , et al. Reservoir characteristics and diagenesis of the Cambrian dolomite in Tarim basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2013, 37 (6): 63- 74.
20	方大钧, 沈忠悦. 塔里木地块各时代视磁极及板块漂移[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2001, 28 (1): 100- 106.
	Fang Dajun , Shen Zhongyue . Phanerozoic apparent polar-wander paths of Tarim and plate motion[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Univers ity(Science Edition), 2001, 28 (1): 100- 106.
21	Li Z X , Bogdanova S V , Collins A S , et al. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia:A synthesis[J]. Precambrian Research, 2008, 160 (1-2): 179- 210.
22	王洪浩, 李江海, 杨静懿, 等. 塔里木陆块新元古代-早古生代古板块再造及漂移轨迹[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28 (6): 637- 647.
	Wang Honghao , Li Jianghai , Yang Jingyi , et al. Paleo-plate reconstruction and drift path of Tarim block from Neoproterozic to early Palaeozoic[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013, 28 (6): 637- 647.
23	沈安江, 郑剑锋, 陈永权, 等. 塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征、成因及分布[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43 (3): 340- 349.
	Shen Anjiang , Zheng Jianfeng , Chen Yongquan , et al. Characteristics, origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Develo-pment, 2016, 43 (3): 340- 349.
24	倪新锋, 黄理力, 陈永权, 等. 塔中地区深层寒武系盐下白云岩储层特征及主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, (3): 489- 498.
	Ni Xinfeng , Huang Lili , Chen Yongquan , et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of the Cambrian pre-salt dolomite reservoirs in Tazhong Block, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, (3): 489- 498.
25	张涛, 闫相宾. 塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2007, 28 (6): 745- 754.
	Zhang Tao , Yan Xiangbin . A discussion on main factors controlling deep carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2007, 28 (6): 745- 754.
26	李庆, 胡文瑄, 钱一雄, 等. 塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克组溶蚀型白云岩储层发育特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2011, 32 (4): 522- 530.
	Li Qing , Hu Wenxuan , Qian Yixion , et al. Features of dissolved dolostone reservoirs in the Xiaoerbulak Formation, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2011, 32 (4): 522- 530.
27	李忠. 盆地深层流体-岩石作用与油气形成研究前沿[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2016, 35 (5): 807- 816.
	Li Zhong . Research frontiers of fluid-rock interaction and oil-gas formation in deep-buried basins[J]. Bulletin of mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2016, 35 (5): 807- 816.
28	李忠, 刘嘉庆. 沉积盆地成岩作用的动力机制与时空分布研究若干问题及趋向[J]. 沉积学报, 2009, 27 (5): 837- 848.
	Li Zhong , Liu Jiaqing . Key problems and research trend of diagenetic geodynamic mechanism and spatio-temporal distribution in sedimentary basins[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27 (5): 837- 848.
29	吕修祥, 陈佩佩, 陈坤, 等. 深层碳酸盐岩差异成岩作用对油气分层聚集的影响——以塔里木盆地塔中隆起北斜坡鹰山组为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40 (5): 957- 971.
	Lyu Xiuxiang , Chen Peipei , Chen Kun , et al. Effects of differential diagenesis of deep carbonate rocks on hydrocarbon zonation and accumulation:A case study of Yingshan Formation on northern slope of Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40 (5): 957- 971.
30	Veizer J . ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁸O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater[J]. Chemical Geology, 1999, 161 (1): 1586- 1586.
31	Machel H G . Concepts and models of dolomitization:a critical reappraisal[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2004, 235 (1): 7- 63.
32	Whitaker F F , Xiao Y . Reactive transport modeling of early burial dolomitization of carbonate platforms by geothermal convection[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2010, 94 (6): 889- 917.

[1]	姜振学, 李鑫, 王幸蒙, 王国臻, 仇恒远, 朱德宇, 姜鸿阳. 中国南方典型页岩孔隙特征差异及其控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 41-53.
[2]	王濡岳, 胡宗全, 董立, 高波, 孙川翔, 杨滔, 王冠平, 尹帅. 页岩气储层表征评价技术进展与思考[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 54-65.
[3]	王红岩, 施振生, 孙莎莎, 张磊夫. 四川盆地及周缘志留系龙马溪组一段深层页岩储层特征及其成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 66-75.
[4]	沈骋, 任岚, 赵金洲, 陈铭培. 页岩岩相组合划分标准及其对缝网形成的影响——以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 98-106, 123.
[5]	蔡全升, 陈孝红, 张国涛, 张保民, 韩京, 陈琳, 李培军, 李炎桂. 鄂西宜昌地区下古生界五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气储层发育特征与勘探潜力[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 107-123.
[6]	刘忠宝, 胡宗全, 刘光祥, 刘珠江, 刘晧天, 郝景宇, 王鹏威, 李鹏. 四川盆地东北部下侏罗统自流井组陆相页岩储层孔隙特征及形成控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 136-145.
[7]	张天付, 黄理力, 倪新锋, 熊冉, 杨果, 孟广仁, 郑剑锋, 陈薇. 塔里木盆地柯坪地区下寒武统吾松格尔组岩性组合及其成因和勘探意义——亚洲第一深井轮探1井突破的启示[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 928-940.
[8]	李慧莉, 李婧婧, 杨素举, 马中远. 塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区志留系成藏特征与勘探启示[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 941-952.
[9]	郭春涛, 宋海强, 梁洁, 倪玲梅. 塔东地区米兰1井寒武系白云岩成因及其对储层的影响[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 953-964.
[10]	王斌, 赵永强, 何生, 郭小文, 曹自成, 邓尚, 吴鲜, 杨毅. 塔里木盆地顺北5号断裂带北段奥陶系油气成藏期次及其控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 965-974.
[11]	曹自成, 路清华, 顾忆, 吴鲜, 尤东华, 朱秀香. 塔里木盆地顺北油气田1号和5号断裂带奥陶系油气藏特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 975-984.
[12]	宁超众, 胡素云, 潘文庆, 姚子修, 李勇, 袁文芳. 塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系良里塔格组古地貌与岩溶洞穴特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 985-995, 1047.
[13]	程洪, 张杰, 张文彪. 断溶体储层类型识别、预测及发育模式探讨——以塔里木盆地塔河十区TH10421单元为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 996-1003.
[14]	田立新, 王清斌, 刘晓健, 郝轶伟. 渤海海域莱州湾凹陷沙河街组硅化碎屑岩地质特征及其储层意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1073-1082.
[15]	孙焕泉. 薄储层超稠油热化学复合采油方法与技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1100-1106.