南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系-侏罗系天然气水合物气源岩有机地球化学特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20200211

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过开展南祁连盆地木里坳陷天然气水合物基础地质剖面调查工作，对石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系共四套层系5条剖面的炭质泥岩、泥岩等样品进行了系统采样与分析，在此基础上深入研究四套层系的有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质成熟度等地球化学特征，分析及对比各层系的有机地球化学指标，以探讨不同层系烃（气）源岩为天然气水合物提供的气源条件。结果表明：石炭系-二叠系有机质丰度偏低，TOC（总有机碳含量）普遍小于0.4%，为非和差烃源岩，有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型，有机质成熟度为过成熟，生烃能力较差，难以成为天然气水合物潜在气源岩。三叠系样品TOC值普遍大于1%，氯仿沥青“A”平均为0.89‰，以很好和好烃源岩为主，并含少量差和非烃源岩，有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主，含少量Ⅱ₂型，镜质体反射率R_o值为0.74%~0.98%，整体上处于成熟阶段，生气能力较强，可作为天然气水合物主要潜在气源岩。侏罗系以很好、好和中等烃源岩为主，并含部分差烃源岩，有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型，R_o值为0.62%~0.97%，整体上处于成熟阶段，可作为天然气水合物次要潜在气源岩。

关键词: 有机地球化学, 天然气水合物, 气源岩, 木里坳陷, 南祁连盆地

Abstract:

During the investigation of the basic geological profile of natural gas hydrates in the Muli Depression, Southern Qilian Basin, we analyzed the carbon-rich mudstone and mudstone sampled from 5 sections of the Carboniferous, Per-mian, Triassic and Jurassic sequences.The geochemical characteristics such as organic matter abundance, organic matter type and organic matter maturity of four sequences were accordingly studied in detail.The organic geochemical indexes of each sequence were analyzed and compared in order to explore the gas source rock qualities for different sequences of (gas) source rocks for natural gas hydrates.The results show that the Carboniferous-Permian organic matter abundance is relatively low, the TOC (total organic carbon) content is generally less than 0.4%, both of which indicate the source rocks are very lean.The kerogen are mainly over-matured TypesⅡ and Ⅲ organic matters, resulting in poor hydrocarbon generation capacity.Thus, the source rocks could not be the potential gas source rocks for natural gas hydrate generation.The samples collected from the Triassic strata have TOC value of generally greater than 1% and an average chloroform bitumen "A" of 0.89, which are mostly good and very good source rock samples, with a small number of samples with poor or non-hydrocarbon source rock quality.The organic materials are mainly matured Type Ⅲ as a whole with a small number of Type Ⅱ₂, with a vitrinite reflectance (R_o) value of 0.74%-0.98%.These strata can be viewed as the main potential gas source rocks for natural gas hydrate generation.The Jurassic strata are dominated by source rocks of very good, good, and medium qualities with limited number of poor source rocks.Their organic materials are mainly matured Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ with a R_o value of 0.62%-0.97%, and thus can be regarded as the secondary potential gas source rocks for the generation of natural gas hydrates.

Key words: organic geochemistry, natural gas hydrate, gas source rock, Muli Depression, Southern Qilian Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

范东稳,卢振权,李广之,等. 南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系-侏罗系天然气水合物气源岩有机地球化学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 348-358. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200211 Dongwen Fan,Zhenquan Lu,Guangzhi Li,et al. Organic geochemical characteristics of the Carboniferous-Jurassic potential source rocks for natural gas hydrates in the Muli Depression, Southern Qilian Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 348-358. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200211

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剖面号	层系	TOC含量
剖面号	层系	＜0.4%	0.4%~0.6%	0.6%~1.0%	1.0%~2.0%	＞2.0%
DL1	石炭系	85.71	14.29	0	0	0
DL1	二叠系	100.00	0	0	0	0
DL2	二叠系	40.00	0	30.00	10.00	20.00
JC1	三叠系	2.63	5.26	7.89	10.53	73.69
ML1	侏罗系	0	0	8.70	8.69	82.61
RS1	侏罗系	17.95	5.13	30.77	5.13	41.02

剖面号	层位	S₁+S₂
剖面号	层位	＜2mg/g	2~6mg/g	6~20mg/g	＞20mg/g
DL1	石炭系	100.00	0	0	0
DL1	二叠系	100.00	0	0	0
DL2	二叠系	100.00	0	0	0
JC1	三叠系	57.89	34.21	2.63	5.27
ML1	侏罗系	21.74	13.04	17.39	47.83
RS1	侏罗系	66.67	10.26	10.25	12.82

三类四分		S₁+S₂分布占比/%	I_H分布占比/%	D/%
Ⅰ型(腐泥型)		＞20mg/g	＞700mg/g	＞70mg/g
DL1	石炭系	0	0	0
DL1	二叠系	0	0	0
DL2	二叠系	0	0	0
JC1	三叠系	5.27	0	0
ML1	侏罗系	47.83	4.35	0
RS1	侏罗系	12.82	0	0
Ⅱ₁型(腐殖腐泥型)		6~20	350~700	30~70
DL1	石炭系	0	0	0
DL1	二叠系	0	0	25.00
DL2	二叠系	0	0	0
JC1	三叠系	2.63	0	2.63
ML1	侏罗系	17.39	17.39	21.74
RS1	侏罗系	10.25	0	0
Ⅱ₂型(腐泥腐殖型)		2~6	150~350	10~30
DL1	石炭系	0	0	42.86
DL1	二叠系	0	0	12.50
DL2	二叠系	0	0	10.00
JC1	三叠系	34.21	2.63	5.26
ML1	侏罗系	13.04	47.83	52.17
RS1	侏罗系	10.26	12.82	25.64
Ⅲ型(腐殖型)		＜2	＜150	＜10
DL1	石炭系	100.00	100.00	57.14
DL1	二叠系	100.00	100.00	62.50
DL2	二叠系	100.00	100.00	90.00
JC1	三叠系	57.89	97.37	92.11
ML1	侏罗系	21.74	30.43	26.09
RS1	侏罗系	66.67	87.18	74.36

样品编号	显微组分	化学元素			族组分	干酪根类型
样品编号	TI指数	H/C	O/C	δ¹³C/‰	饱/芳	干酪根类型
JC1-M-3	-71.50	0.70	0.13	-25.5	0.61	Ⅲ
JC1-M-15	16.50	0.72	0.12	-25.5	1.05	Ⅲ
JC1-M-30	-69.17	0.80	0.23	-25.1	0.56	Ⅲ
JC1-M-7	4.25	0.71	0.13	-26.0	1.44	Ⅱ₂
ML1-CM-04	-94.33	0.73	0.17	-23.5	0.75	Ⅲ
ML1-M1-06	67.78	0.93	0.18	-26.1	2.41	Ⅱ₂
ML1-煤-05	-76.17	0.74	0.13	-23.1	0.97	Ⅲ
RS1-CM-03	7.17	0.59	0.04	-23.2	0.13	Ⅲ
RS1-M-05	3.00	0.68	0.06	-23.4	0.45	Ⅲ
RS1-M-12	15.17	0.69	0.08	-22.3	0.21	Ⅲ
RS1-M-15	0.58	0.55	0.04	-23.1	0.20	Ⅲ
RS1-M-18	5.42	0.56	0.04	-22.2	0.19	Ⅲ

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