南海北部深水区古近系沉积体系的东西差异及对烃源岩分布的影响

doi:10.11743/ogg20200513

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了从机制上解释南海北部珠江口盆地深水区和琼东南盆地深水区油气勘探差别大的原因，从盆地结构、物源体系和沉积充填等基础地质条件出发研究两个盆地深水区的成盆、成烃条件，重点聚焦于古近系主要烃源岩发育时期的沉积充填特征，探索其烃源分布模式，为客观评价南海北部深水区资源潜力提供参考。南海北部珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地深水区，早渐新世的沉积体系构成差异大，与当时的盆地结构和物源背景的差别有关。早渐新世是南海北部深水区主力烃源发育期，珠江口盆地深水区为断-坳结构，深水区白云、荔湾凹陷分别具有各自统一的沉积、沉降中心，接受周缘隆起带和盆外古珠江水系的大型物源注入，在海湾环境下发育大型三角洲体系；琼东南盆地深水区为断陷结构，在南北两侧台阶和中央低地发育多排具有一定分隔性的小凹陷群，受海南岛南部水系和越南秋盆河水系等短程物源的影响下，在封闭-半封闭海湾环境里发育障壁海岸体系和一系列小型三角洲。由于沉积体系控制烃源岩的类型和分布，从沉积体系构成差异的角度，探讨了两个盆地深水区烃源分布模式的特点和有利烃源分布区。

关键词: 海陆过渡相, 烃源岩, 三角洲-海湾体系, 物源体系, 盆地结构, 沉积体系, 古近系, 南海北部深水区

Abstract:

The striking discrepancy of oil-gas exploration results in deep waters of the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan Basins in northern South China Sea is rarely interpreted in terms of formation mechanism.With a view to objectively assessing the resource potential of the deep waters off the northern South China Sea, the study analyzes the conditions for basin formation and hydrocarbon generation based on the essential geological factors such as the basinal structure, provenance and sedimentation and charging, with the focus on the main sedimentary characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock development during the Paleogene, and on the distribution patterns of the source rocks.The two basins are significantly different in terms of their Early Oligocene sedimentary systems, which may be traced back to the different basinal structures and provenances at that time.The major pay source rocks of the deep waters off the northern South China Sea were developed during the Early Oligocene, when the deep-water zone of the Pearl River Mouth Basin was filled with rifts and depressions, and the Baiyun and Liwan Sags in it had their respective depocenters and subsidence centers receiving sediments from surrounding uplift zones and the paleo-Pearl River system outside the basin and developing large delta systems of bay facies.Meanwhile, the deep waters of the Qiongdongnan Basin were a faulted depression with multiple rows of separated small sag groups developed on the terrace of both sides and the central lowlands of the basin.These sag groups subsequently formed barrier-coast systems and small-scale deltas in receiving short-range provenances from waters off the southern Hainan Island and Thu Bon river in Vietnam in a closed-semi-closed bay setting.In all, the sedimentary systems control the types and distribution patterns of the source rocks in the basins, so it is of great significance to the discussion of the distribution patterns and favorable zones of source rocks in the deep waters off the two basins from the perspective of the differences in sedimentary system architecture.

Key words: marine-to-continental facies, source rock, delta-bay system, provenance, basinal structure, sedimentary system, Paleogene, deep waters off the northern South China Sea

中图分类号:

TE121.3

陈莹,韩银学,边立曾,等. 南海北部深水区古近系沉积体系的东西差异及对烃源岩分布的影响[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1028-1037. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200513 Ying Chen,Yinxue Han,Lizeng Bian,et al. Difference between eastern and western Paleogene sedimentary systems in deep waters off the northern South China Sea continental margin and its effect on source rock distribution[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1028-1037. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200513

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 21

1	谢玉洪. 南海北部自营深水天然气勘探重大突破及其启示[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34 (10): 1- 8.
	Xie Y H . A major breakthrough in deepwter natural gas exploration in a self-run oil/gas field in the northern south China Sea and its enlightenment[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34 (10): 1- 8.
2	李绪深, 张迎朝, 杨希冰, 等. 莺歌海-琼东南盆地天然气勘探新认识与新进展[J]. 中国海上油气, 2017, 29 (6): 1- 11.
	Li Xushen , Zhang Yingzhao , Yang Xibing , et al. New understandings and achivements of natural gas exploration in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan basin[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2017, 29 (6): 1- 11.
3	米立军, 张忠涛, 庞雄, 等. 南海北部陆缘白云凹陷油气富集规律及主控因素[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45 (5): 902- 913.
	Mi Lijun , Zhang Zhongtao , Pang Xiong , et al. Main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Baiyun Sag at northern continental margin of South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45 (5): 902- 913.
4	刘光鼎. 中国海区及邻域地质地球物理图集[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993.
	Liu gungding . Geology and Geophysics atlas of China seas and adjacent areas[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1993.
5	Briais A , Patriat P , Tapponnier P . Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the south China Sea:Implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 1993, 98, 6299- 6328. doi: 10.1029/92JB02280
6	Huang C Y , Yen Y , Zhao Q H , Lin C T . Cenozoic stratigraphy of Taiwan:Window into rifting, stratigraphy and paleoceanography of South China Sea[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2012, 57, 3130- 3149. doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5349-y
7	李前裕, 吴国瑄, 张丽丽, 等. 古近纪南海断陷作用和破裂不整合的海相沉积记录[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2017, 47 (12): 1447- 1459.
	Li Qianyu , Wu Guoxuan , Zhang Lili , et al. Paleogene marine deposition records of rifting and breakup of the South China Sea[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2017, 47 (12): 1447- 1459.
8	宫越, 林畅松, 何敏, 等. 中国南海北部珠江口盆地早渐新世末破裂不整合特征及其地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40 (4): 851- 863.
	Gong Yue , Lin Changsong , He Min , et al. Characteristics and geological significance of unconformities at the late Early Oligocene in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40 (4): 851- 863.
9	赵钊, 汤良杰, 赵志刚, 等. 南海北部珠二坳陷超深水区断层系统分析中的高精度相干技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39 (1): 165- 174.
	Zhao Zhao , Tang Liangjie , Zhao Zhigang , et al. High-precision cohere-nce technique in fault system analysis in ultra-deepwater area of the ZhuⅡDepression, northern South China Sea[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39 (1): 165- 174.
10	Hans Christian Larsen, Zhimin Jian, Carlos A.et al.Site U1501, Proceedings of the international ocean discovery program[J].Volume 367/368, 2018.9.28, https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.367368.105.2018.
11	曾智伟, 杨香华, 朱红涛, 等. 白云凹陷恩平组沉积晚期大型三角洲发育特征及其意义[J]. 地球科学, 2017, 42 (1): 78- 92.
	Zeng Zhiwei , Yang Xianghua , Zhu Hongtao , et al. Development charteristics and significance of large delta of upper enping formation, Baiyun Sag[J]. Earth Sciences, 2017, 42 (1): 78- 92.
12	鲁宝亮, 王璞珺, 张功成, 等. 南海北部陆缘盆地基底结构及其油气勘探意义[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32 (4): 580- 587.
	Lu Baoliang , Wang Pujun , Zhang Gongcheng , et al. Basement structures of an epicontinental basin in the northern South China Sea and their significance in petroleum prospect[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32 (4): 580- 587.
13	余达淦. 闽、浙、赣地区变质基底研究综述[J]. 华东地质学院学报, 1990, 13 (2): 1- 8.
	Yu Dagan . Study summary on metamorphism basement in min, zegan regions[J]. Journal of East China College of Geology, 1990, 13 (2): 1- 8.
14	邵磊, 李昂, 吴国瑄, 等. 琼东南盆地沉积环境及物源演变特征[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31 (4): 548- 552.
	Shao Lei , Li Ang , Wu Guoxuan , et al. Evolution of sedimentary environment and provenance in Qiongdongnan, Basin in the northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31 (4): 548- 552.
15	张凌, 陈繁荣, 殷克东, 等. 珠江口和邻近海域沉积有机质的来源及其沉积通量的时空变化[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009, 22 (8): 875- 881.
	Zhang Ling , Chen Fanrong , Yin Kedong , et al. Spatial and temporal variations of sedimentary organic matter origin and accumulation rate in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent coastal waters of south China Sea[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22 (8): 875- 881.
16	雷菲, 李志阳, 张杰, 等. 百余年来珠江口及邻近西部海域有机碳来源及其埋藏记录[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2012, 31 (2): 62- 66.
	Lei Fei , Li Zhi-yang , Zhang Jie , et al. Sources and burial of organic carbon in coastal sediments off Guangdong Province during the past century[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2012, 31 (2): 62- 66.
17	Kenneth E.Peters , John W.Snedden , Sarg J.F. , et al. A new geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2000.
18	Tesi T , Langone L , Gon.i M.A. , et al. Changes in the composition of organic matter from prodeltaic sediments after a large flood event (Po River, Italy)[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2008, 72, 2100- 2114. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.005
19	侯宇光, 何生, 杨香华, 等. 澳大利亚波拿巴盆地大陆边缘裂陷期海陆过渡相烃源岩地球化学特征与发育模式[J]. 石油实验地质, 2015, 37 (3): 374- 382.
	Hou Yuguang , He Sheng , Yang Xianghua , et al. Geochemical characteristics and development model of transitional source rocks during the continental margin rifting stage, Bonaparte Basin, Australia[J]. Petroleum geology & experiment, 2015, 37 (3): 374- 382.
20	卢晓林, 石宁, 李美俊, 等. 珠江口盆地白云凹陷原油双杜松烷分布特征及地球化学意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41 (4): 560- 568.
	Lu Xiaolin , Shi Ning , Li Meijun , et al. Distribution patterns and geochemical implication of bicadinanes in crude oils from Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41 (4): 560- 568.
21	刘全有, 金之钧, 刘文汇, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地海相层系中有机酸盐存在以及对低丰度高演化烃源岩生烃潜力评价的影响[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2013, 43 (12): 1975- 1983.
	Liu Quanyou , Jin Zhijun , Liu Wenhui , et al. Presence of carboxylate salts in marine carbonate strata of the Ordos Basin and their impact on hydrocarbon generation evaluation of low TOC, high maturity source rocks[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2013, 43 (12): 1975- 1983.

[1]	秦国省, 邹存友, 赖令彬, 赵亮, 苏海滨. 准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区三叠系冲积沉积体系与油气成藏[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(6): 1197-1211.
[2]	薛永安, 王飞龙, 汤国民, 李新琦. 渤海海域页岩油气地质条件与勘探前景[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 696-709.
[3]	姚尧, 何治亮, 李慧莉, 张瑜, 高晓鹏, 王康宁, 焦存礼. 塔里木盆地阿瓦提断陷中-上奥陶统萨尔干组沉积地质模型与烃源岩分布预测[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 763-775.
[4]	程建, 郑伦举. 川南地区金页1井早寒武世烃源岩沉积地球化学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 800-810.
[5]	蒋有录, 苏圣民, 刘华, 王永诗, 崔小君. 渤海湾盆地古近系油气富集差异性及主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 248-258.
[6]	高岗, 徐新德, 刘诗局, 甘军, 胡晨晖, 赵建宇. 涠西南凹陷流沙港组二段优质烃源岩判别及其控油作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 339-347.
[7]	杨晓兰. 埃及西沙漠盆地中生界烃源岩特征及剩余资源分布[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 423-433.
[8]	林畅松. 盆地沉积动力学：研究现状与未来发展趋势[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(4): 685-700.
[9]	王媛, 汪少勇, 李建忠, 张义杰. 辽西雷家地区沙四段中-低熟烃源岩排烃效率与致密油-页岩油勘探前景[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(4): 810-821.
[10]	贺婷婷, 段太忠, 赵磊, 刘彦锋. 塔里木盆地塔河油田T区三叠纪沉积模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(4): 822-834.
[11]	姜静, 张忠涛, 李浩, 罗祎, 田洪训, 刘汉尧. 珠江口盆地东北陆架边缘斜坡带晚中新世—第四纪层序模式与单向迁移水道[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(4): 864-874.
[12]	陈治军, 马芳侠, 肖刚, 张勇, 高怡文, 王小多, 韩长春. 银额盆地哈日凹陷巴音戈壁组精细油源对比[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(4): 900-916.
[13]	支东明, 唐勇, 杨智峰, 郭旭光, 郑孟林, 万敏, 黄立良. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(3): 524-534.
[14]	汤国民, 王飞龙, 王清斌, 万琳, 燕歌. 渤海海域莱州湾凹陷高硫稠油成因及其成藏模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(2): 284-293.
[15]	刘莹, 刘海燕, 杨海长, 王东东, 宋广增, 吕大炜, 陈莹, 李增学. 琼东南盆地古近纪成煤沉积体系类型及特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(1): 142-151.