页岩岩相组合划分标准及其对缝网形成的影响——以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

页岩气储层需通过水力压裂实现经济产能，但不同页岩岩相组合类型具有不同的压裂改造效果。综合考虑矿物组分、储层物性、层理缝和层理对缝网形成的影响，结合露头、岩心发育特征和压裂改造特征，以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩为研究对象，建立了Ⅰ型(FA1)、Ⅱ型(FA2)、Ⅲ型(FA3)和Ⅳ型(FA4)共4类页岩相组合划分标准。研究表明，FA1受明显成岩改造，胶结充填裂缝极为发育，压裂前期可优先激活形成缝网，但易发生压裂施工异常，导致裂缝扩展受限；FA2受沉积作用控制明显，易形成优势储集层与优势可压裂层的高密度交互；FA3和FA4受陆源物质影响较大，被改造能力较差，对缝网形成的促进作用不明显。总体上，FA1与FA2岩相组合是压裂施工的甜点。研究成果对储层压裂改造选井选层和压裂方案设计具有理论支撑和现场指导意义。

关键词: 页岩岩相组合, 成岩作用, 压裂, 裂缝, 储层, 龙马溪组, 四川盆地

Abstract:

A commercial development of shale gas reservoirs largely depends on the effect of hydraulic fracturing.However, shale of different lithofacies associations responds differently to the treatment.The study used the Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example to conduct a division of lithofacies associations and an analysis on the impact of the associations upon fracture networks.The roles of mineral composition, physical properties, beddings and bedding-parallel fractures of the shale in the formation of fracture networks were analyzed and then integrated with characterization of crops, cores and stimulation effect of hydraulic fracturing in the shale to define the association divisions.The results show that there are four types of lithofacies associations in the shale.Type Ⅰ association (FA1) is obviously the result of diagenesis modification and contains well-developed calcite-filled fractures, which can be activated preferentially to generate fracture networks but are also likely to confine the expansion of fractures during the earlier stage of fracturing.Type Ⅱ (FA2) shows evident signs of sedimentary control and tends to contain interbeds of promising gas reservoirs with crackable reservoirs.Type Ⅲ (FA3) and Type Ⅵ (FA4) are dominated by terrigenous components in comparison and are difficult to crack to from fracture networks.In all, FA1 and FA2 are the potential sweet spots for fracturing.The study is of theoretical support and on-site guiding significance to target formation selection and scheme design in fracturing.

Key words: shale lithofacies association, diagenesis, fracturing, fracture, reservoir, Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

沈骋,任岚,赵金洲,等. 页岩岩相组合划分标准及其对缝网形成的影响——以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 98-106, 123. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210109 Cheng Shen,Lan Ren,Jinzhou Zhao,et al. Division of shale lithofacies associations and their impact on fracture network formation in the Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(1): 98-106, 123. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210109

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岩相组合与划分指标	FA4	FA3	FA2	FA1
层理缝指数/(条·mm·m^-1)	< 40	40~60	40~80	>80
裂缝充填程度	未充填、半充填	半充填	全充填	全充填
长英质矿物/%	< 50	< 50	>50	>50
碳酸盐矿物/%	0~75	>20	< 20	< 20
孔隙度/%	3~5	< 3	3~5	>5
TOC/%	< 3	< 3	2~3	>3
层理密度/(层·m^-1)	< 60	60~120	>120	60~120

样品号	相组合	矿物含量/%			TOC/%	泊松比	杨氏模量/GPa	泊杨脆性指数
样品号	相组合	碳酸盐矿物	长英质矿物	粘土矿物	TOC/%	泊松比	杨氏模量/GPa	泊杨脆性指数
S-18	FA1	6.8	53.0	37.4	3.54	0.168	35.19	0.653
S-50	FA1	8.2	60.8	28.3	4.77	0.177	37.00	0.668
S-52	FA1	8.4	61.4	27.6	4.23	0.179	38.11	0.689
S-15	FA2	7.3	53.5	38.3	3.45	0.163	36.79	0.710
S-19	FA2	7.5	51.8	37.4	3.42	0.166	38.30	0.738
S-31	FA2	10.8	46.7	39.6	2.30	0.170	38.32	0.725
S-35	FA2	10.8	51.8	34.5	3.95	0.169	39.40	0.755
S-41	FA2	9.9	60.4	26.7	5.51	0.181	38.60	0.695
S-23	FA3	23.6	39.5	29.8	4.03	0.167	34.91	0.649
S-33	FA3	10.2	51.9	35.1	3.46	0.178	37.81	0.685
S-43	FA3	34.5	45.7	18.6	2.94	0.180	37.37	0.668
S-45	FA3	32.4	41.4	25.1	2.99	0.181	37.57	0.669
S-6	FA4	6.3	46.5	40.6	2.67	0.166	34.83	0.651
S-8	FA4	11.0	47.7	42.8	3.22	0.168	35.33	0.657
S-12	FA4	7.5	46.2	43.5	3.01	0.171	35.94	0.662
S-20	FA4	9.0	40.9	47.0	3.77	0.165	32.48	0.595
S-22	FA4	11.0	45.5	40.7	3.09	0.164	34.26	0.643

单井	压裂段	页岩相组合	异常段分析
H1	2	FA1	近井地带裂缝发育，滤失较大，扩展受限
	10	FA1	近井地带裂缝发育，滤失较大，扩展受限
	18	FA1	滤失较大，缝宽受限，砂堵
H2	3、5	FA3	扩展受限，砂浓度提升受限，加砂困难
	7	FA2	压力陡升，扩展受限
	11	FA1	压力陡升，砂敏感，扩展受限
	12	FA1	扩展受限，砂浓度提升受限，加砂困难
H3	1	FA2	井筒污染严重
	5	FA3	天然缝网影响，动态缝宽不足，进砂通道受限
	9	FA1	凝灰岩影响，砂堵，液体滤失量大，缝宽受限
	15	FA3	砂堵，液体滤失量大，缝宽受限

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