深层海相碳酸盐岩储层地震预测关键技术与效果——以四川盆地震旦系-寒武系与塔里木盆地奥陶系油气藏为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以储层定量化预测为核心的碳酸盐岩油气藏地震表征技术是实现该领域增储上产的重要手段。中国的油气勘探开发在早期阶段主要集中于中-浅层陆相碎屑岩领域，近二十年来，随着塔河、普光和安岳等西部大气田的发现，深层海相碳酸盐岩的开发前景才逐步明朗。与国外相比，中国的深层海相碳酸盐岩年代更加古老、地表条件更加复杂、非均质性更强，这些都为储层定量预测带来了巨大的挑战。以四川盆地震旦系-寒武系礁滩型储层与塔里木盆地奥陶系缝洞型储层为例，在对2类储层地质特点与地震研究难点充分剖析的基础上，系统阐述了针对性的地震预测思路与关键配套技术。目前，随着“两宽一高”地震采集、井控高保真宽频处理以及相控地震波阻抗反演等核心技术的不断完善，中国深层海相碳酸盐岩油气藏的储层预测已经由定性逐渐转变为半定量，由简单描述转变为储渗单元精细刻画。此次研究也将为国内外其他碳酸盐岩油气藏精细开发提供借鉴意义。

关键词: “两宽一高”地震采集, 高保真宽频处理, 储层预测, 礁滩型储层, 缝洞型储层, 深层碳酸盐岩, 四川盆地, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The seismic characterization of carbonate reservoirs with the quantitative prediction at its core is key to reserve growth and production enhancement.Petroleum exploration and development in China have formerly been focused on middle-to-shallow terrestrial clastic rocks.In the past two decades, deep marine carbonate rocks, however, start to shine with the discovery of Tahe, Puguang, Anyue and other large-scale gas fields in the west of the country.In comparison to other countries, the deep marine carbonate reservoirs in China are generally characterized by more complex surface conditions, longer history, and higher heterogeneity, all of which have posed significant challenges to quantitative reservoir prediction.Based on the practices in the Ordovician fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tarim Basin and Sinian-Cambrian reef-shoal reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin, we systematically expound on seismic prediction approaches and key supporting technologies targeting at dealing with the difficulties specific to the two types of deep carbonate reservoirs.With continuous progress in technologies such as seismic acquisition with "wide azimuth and broadband as well as high density" (2W1H), high fidelity and broadband data processing for well control, pre-stack impedance inversion constrained by sedimentary facies and other key technologies, the reservoir prediction of deep marine carbonate rocks in China has changed from qualitative description into semi-quantitative prediction, and from simple description into fine depiction of reservoir flow units.The study is also of guiding value to the fine development of carbonate reservoirs in both China and other countries.

Key words: seismic acquisition with wide azimuth and high density (2W1H), high fidelity and broadband data processing, reservoir prediction, reef-shoal reservoir, fractured-vuggy reservoir, deep carbonate reservoir, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

林煜,李相文,陈康,等. 深层海相碳酸盐岩储层地震预测关键技术与效果——以四川盆地震旦系-寒武系与塔里木盆地奥陶系油气藏为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(3): 717-727. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210316 Yu Lin,Xiangwen Li,Kang Chen,et al. Key seismic techniques for predicting deep marine carbonate reservoirs and the effect analysis: A case study on the Sinian-Cambrian reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(3): 717-727. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210316

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