中国陆相湖盆沉积岩中方沸石的产状、成分和成因

doi:10.11743/ogg20210415

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然方沸石是沉积岩中的常见矿物，与油气储层关系密切。在总结前人研究成果的基础上，对天然方沸石的产状、成分特点、成因类型以及方沸石对储层的影响进行了归纳。结果表明：方沸石是含有结晶水的架状结构硅酸盐矿物，平面上硅氧四面体构成封闭环，三维空间中具有笼状结构，结构内部的孔道有利于溶解作用的发生。陆相湖盆中的天然方沸石有5种典型产状，其中粒间胶结物和裂缝充填型方沸石的自形程度较高，喷溢型方沸石包括互相包裹状和不连续粗粒纹层状。方沸石成分的差异主要反映在Na⁺和K⁺的含量上，母岩为碱性火山岩时具有更高的K⁺含量，方沸石硅铝比主要在2.00~2.69。天然方沸石按成因可分为4大类，陆相湖盆中的方沸石以成岩成因和热水喷溢成因为主。沉积相类型控制着方沸石的形成和溶解，火山物质发育的扇三角洲前缘中常见粒间胶结物型方沸石，而深湖-半深湖亚相中常见热液喷溢型方沸石，后期酸性流体对方沸石的溶蚀因沉积相不同而存在差异。

关键词: 火山物质蚀变, 产状, 喷流岩, 天然方沸石, 沉积岩, 陆相湖盆, 中国

Abstract:

Natural analcime closely related to oil and gas reservoirs, is quite common in sedimentary rocks.We summarize the occurrence, composition, genesis of natural analcime and discuss its impact on reservoirs based on previous researches.The results show that analcime, a kind of silicate mineral containing crystalline water and of framework structure, is characterized by a silica-oxygen tetrahedron on map view to form a closed ring, and a cage structure in 3-D visualization space, the pore pathways in which are conducive to dissolution.There are five typical types of natural analcime in terrestrial lacustrine basins, among which the analcime with intergranular cements and fracture fillings is euhedral, and the exhalative analcime comes in two kinds of occurrence, namely, porhyritic texture and discontinuous coarse-grained laminae.The compositional differences of analcime concentrate on the content of Na and K ions: the K ion content tends to be higher, and the Si/Al ratio in analcime mainly ranges from 2.0 to 2.69, when it comes to alkaline volcanic rock as the host-rock.Among the four categories of natural analcime in terms of genesis, that in terrestrial lacustrine basins is mainly derived from diagenesis and hydrothermal exhalation.In all, sedimentary facies is key in the formation and dissolution of analcime; the analcime with intergranular cements is widely spread in the fan delta front developed from volcanic materials, while the analcime out of hydrothermal exhalation is common in the deep-semi-deep lacustrine subfacies; and dissolution of analcime by acidic fluid in the later stage is different in different sedimentary facies.

Key words: alteration of volcanic material, occurrence, exhalative rock, natural analcime, sedimentary rock, terrestrial lacustrine basin, China

中图分类号:

TE122.2

贾业,朱世发,杨祎,等. 中国陆相湖盆沉积岩中方沸石的产状、成分和成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(4): 949-962. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210415 Ye Jia,Shifa Zhu,Yi Yang,et al. Occurrence, composition and origin of analcime in terrestrial lacustrine sedimentary rocks in China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(4): 949-962. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210415

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盆地	地层	深度/m	SiO₂含量/%	Al₂O₃含量/%	Si/Al	样品数量/个	产状
鄂尔多斯盆地	白垩系路乐河组、罗汉洞组	150~800	64.52	22.64	2.42	11*	沉积型矿床
渤海湾盆地	北塘凹陷古近系沙三段	3 090~3 130	63.28	26.33	2.04	5	纹层型、充填型
	北塘凹陷古近系沙三段	3 050~3 140	61.61	21.07	2.49	2	纹层型、充填型
	辽河坳陷古近系沙四段	2 500~2 700	66.36	20.73	2.72	4	白云石共生
酒西盆地	青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组	4 300~4 400	57.02	23.34	2.08	4	纹层状
酒西盆地	青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组	4 300~4 400	54.14	23.58	1.95	4	团块状
三塘湖盆地	中二叠统芦草沟组	1 700~1 730	65.76	20.00	2.80	11^*	喷溢组合型
准噶尔盆地	中拐凸起二叠系佳木河组	3 200~3 300	56.77	20.10	2.40	1	粒间胶结物
	吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系平地泉组	3 780~3 800	62.29	20.45	2.59	3	喷溢组合型
	火烧山二叠系平地泉组	1 500~1 700	59.63	20.08	2.64	5	粒间胶结物
	柴窝堡凹陷中二叠统红雁池组	2 630~2 740	62.61	23.33	2.28	3	粒间胶结物、裂缝充填型
二连盆地	巴音都兰凹陷白垩系腾格尔组	1 000~1 300	60.62	21.83	2.36	6	粒间胶结物、纹层状
二连盆地	白音查干凹陷白垩系腾格尔组	1 770~2 076	57.39	27.37	2.02	4	喷溢组合型、裂缝充填型

构造	层位	沉积环境	沉积水体性质	岩性	白云石类型	有序度	微量元素特征	REE/(10^-6)	稀土特征	Eu及Ce异常	δ¹³C(VPDB)/‰	δ¹⁸O(VPDB)/‰	均一化温度/℃
酒西盆地青西凹陷	下白垩统下沟组	深湖	咸水	白云岩	含铁白云石	0.36~0.63(0.43)	Sr, Ba，Mn, Ni, Co, V和Cr富集；Ti, Cs, Rb和Zr亏损	a: 54.66~453.44(171.97);b: 130.65~476.76(270.53)	LREE富集, HREE亏损	Eu明显负异常，Ce弱负异常	a: 1.79~5.82(3.86)b: 4.02~4.50(4.22)	a: -14.15~-5.89(-9.69)；b: -11.86~-9.70(-10.78)	31.0~89.4
三塘湖盆地跃进沟	中二叠统芦草沟组	半深湖-深湖	半咸-咸水、强还原	白云岩	含铁白云石、白云石	0.48~0.58	-	19.68~202.53(92.43)		Eu负异常，Ce弱正异常	-4.1~8.3(-0.5)	-21.1~5.0(-10.94)	37.6~127.5(69.4)
准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷	二叠系平地泉组	半深湖-深湖	咸水、还原	泥晶白云岩、泥质岩	富铁白云石、方解石	-	Co, Cu, Ni, P, Zn和Rb富集	80.34~435.20(171.34)		Eu明显负异常，Ce弱负异常	-	-	Cal: 134.7~400(180.68)Dol：320.95
渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷	古近系沙河街组	半深湖-深湖	还原	含方沸石白云岩、方沸石岩	铁白云石、白云石	-	Ba, Sr和Zn富集；Ni, Cr, Rb和Co等丰度偏低	127. 09~204. 08(170.16)		Eu弱负异常，Ce正异常	δ¹³C偏正2. 8‰~6. 3‰	δ¹⁸O偏负-5.9‰~12.1‰	26.4~76.64(50-60)
二连盆地白音查干凹陷	白垩系腾格尔组	半深湖-深湖	咸水、还原	白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩	铁白云石、白云石	-	Pb, Sb, Tl, W, Mo, 和Bi富集；V, Cr, Co和Ni亏损	-		-	-	-	-

地区	埋深/m	发育层位	沉积相带	主要岩性	岩石类型	主要岩屑成分
准噶尔盆地克拉玛依五一八区	4 060~4 280	二叠系乌尔禾组	洪积扇	砾岩、砂砾岩	火山岩屑质砂砾岩岩	火山岩
准噶尔盆地西北缘夏子街-玛湖西斜坡	3 100~3 300	三叠系克拉玛依组	扇三角洲前缘	细、中、粗砂岩，砂砾岩	岩屑长石砂岩、岩屑砂岩	火山岩
准噶尔盆地东部火烧山	1 500~1 700	二叠系平地泉组	扇三角洲前缘	细、中、粗砂岩，砂砾岩	长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩	火山岩
塔里木盆地塔北羊塔-英买力	4 250~4 550	白垩系巴什基奇克组，古近系库姆格列木群底砂岩段	扇三角洲前缘、辫状河三角洲前缘	细、中、粗砂岩，砂砾岩	长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩	火山岩
渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷	2 900~3 400	古近系孔二段	前三角洲、深湖、半深湖	粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩	细粒沉积物，与碳酸盐岩混合沉积	-
渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷	3 050~3 140	古近系沙三段
渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷	2 500~2 700	古近系沙四段

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