石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 954-978.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240405
庞小娇1,2(), 王贵文1,2(), 岳大力1,2, 李栋2, 李红斌2, 王重阳2, 匡立春1,2, 赖锦1,2
收稿日期:
2024-05-29
修回日期:
2024-07-12
出版日期:
2024-09-05
发布日期:
2024-09-05
通讯作者:
王贵文
E-mail:15010050518@163.com;wanggw@cup.edu.cn
第一作者简介:
庞小娇(1993—),女,博士,沉积学、储层地质学与测井地质学。E-mail:15010050518@163.com。
基金项目:
Xiaojiao PANG1,2(), Guiwen WANG1,2(), Dali YUE1,2, Dong LI2, Hongbin LI2, Chongyang WANG2, Lichun KUANG1,2, Jin LAI1,2
Received:
2024-05-29
Revised:
2024-07-12
Online:
2024-09-05
Published:
2024-09-05
Contact:
Guiwen WANG
E-mail:15010050518@163.com;wanggw@cup.edu.cn
摘要:
细粒沉积岩是致密油气、页岩油气的烃源岩层和储集层,是石油地质研究的重点和前沿领域,测井评价细粒沉积岩在非常规油气勘探开发中具有非常重要的意义。通过系统分析国内外细粒沉积岩测井评价技术进展,研究认为:细粒沉积岩在常规测井基础上结合新技术测井开展了岩性、物性、电性、含油性、可动性、润湿性、脆性、烃源岩特性和地应力各向异性等“七性+”特性评价。进一步发展为细粒沉积岩储集性、含油性、可动性和可压性“新四性”评价方法。依据岩性、岩相、孔隙类型和微观孔隙结构、页理、总孔隙度和有效孔隙度等参数评价细粒沉积岩储集性。根据黏土矿物分布、TOC、游离烃含量、含油饱和度、赋存状态及可动油量等参数评价细粒沉积岩含油性。通过成熟度、地层压力、原油密度、原油黏度及气/油比等参数评价细粒沉积岩油可动性。依据黏土矿物成分和含量、脆性矿物成分和含量、杨氏模量、泊松比及最大和最小主应力等参数评价细粒沉积岩可压性。通过成像测井切片技术实现细粒沉积岩米级、毫米级甚至微米级纹层的人工识别与评价。用测井资料开展细粒沉积岩岩相识别与评价。细粒沉积岩测井从常规测井法、新技术测井法向基于数学统计的人工智能法发展。
中图分类号:
表1
TOC测井评价方法优缺点"
测井序列 | 方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|---|
常规测井 | ①自然伽马能谱测井计算TOC经验模型 | 简便易行 | 不适用于富含磷的地层 |
②Schmoker模型:基于烃源岩层段与非烃源岩层段GR曲线差异 | 简便易行 | 不适用于泥质条带和眼球眼皮构造发育的地层 | |
③ΔlgR法:声波时差和电阻率测井计算TOC | 简便易行 | 碳酸盐含量高的层段识别效果差 | |
④变基线ΔlgR法:不同层段选取不同的电阻率基线计算TOC | 精度较 ΔlgR法有所提高 | 推广性差 | |
⑤改进的ΔlgR法:将ΔlgR法计算公式中的测井曲线用更敏感的曲线替换 | 计算精度提高,针对性强 | 区域局限性 | |
⑥密度、声波时差和伽马值计算TOC:密度和声波时差构建反映黏土矿物含量的指标Icl,根据指标与伽马曲线叠合度计算TOC | 常规曲线容易获得 | 不适用于碳酸盐含量高的层段 | |
⑦多元回归法:利用两种或更多种常规曲线构建TOC计算模型,如伽马曲线和三孔隙度曲线 | 简便 | 区域局限性 | |
新技术测井 | ① 基于骨架密度和无机骨架密度差异计算TOC | 计算精度高, 考虑页岩强非均质性特征 | 成本高,需要深度校正,推广性差 |
②核磁孔隙度与密度孔隙度差异模型和多矿物 反演模型计算TOC | |||
③利用密度、纵波速度和横波速度构建TOC计算模型 | |||
④利用密度测井与核磁测井测算的孔隙度差及其与干酪根关系建立TOC计算方法 | |||
⑤干酪根体积分数与TOC转换经验公式 | |||
⑥利用弹性参数与干酪根之间的关系构建TOC计算模型 | |||
数学统计/ 机器学习 | ①集成极限学习器预测TOC | 简便易行,易于推广 | 需要大量数据样本,样本少时效果不佳 |
②机器学习算法构建TOC计算模型,包括:主成分分析作为支持向量机的输入参数建立TOC计算模型、决策树模型计算TOC、随机森林算法及XGBoost算法等 |
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