石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1032-1045.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240410
阮壮1(), 徐睿1, 王杰1, 常秋红1, 王大华2, 王建东2, 周广清2, 于炳松1
收稿日期:
2024-01-10
修回日期:
2024-05-15
出版日期:
2024-09-05
发布日期:
2024-09-05
第一作者简介:
阮壮(1983—),男,副教授、硕士生导师,沉积学与储层地质学。E-mail: ruanz0103@cugb.edu.cn。
基金项目:
Zhuang RUAN1(), Rui XU1, Jie WANG1, Qiuhong CHANG1, Dahua WANG2, Jiandong WANG2, Guangqing ZHOU2, Bingsong YU1
Received:
2024-01-10
Revised:
2024-05-15
Online:
2024-09-05
Published:
2024-09-05
摘要:
柴达木盆地北缘马海东地区古近系的油气勘探已经取得发现,但储层微观孔隙结构特征认识不清是影响油气勘探与开发的主要因素之一。为揭示马海东地区古近系砂岩储层微观特征,综合运用岩石薄片显微镜观察、X射线衍射(XRD)分析和压汞测试等试验技术,开展了低渗透砂岩储层的岩石学特征、物性特征、微观孔隙结构及各储层非均质性对比研究,用变异系数定量表征了储层非均质强弱程度。研究结果表明:①古近系砂岩储层以长石岩屑砂岩为主,填隙物主要为方解石。②路乐河组Ⅰ砂组储层孔隙度较大,下干柴沟组Ⅱ砂组储层孔隙度中等,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组储层孔隙度最小。③储层岩石经历了压实、胶结和溶蚀成岩作用,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组储层非均质性最强,路乐河组Ⅰ砂组储层非均质性最弱, 下干柴沟组Ⅱ砂组储层非均质性介于两者之间。④富塑性岩屑纹层或富杂基的低渗砂岩为致密储层,方解石胶结和塑性黏土质岩屑变形是致密储层形成的重要原因。
中图分类号:
图3
马海东地区各砂组砂岩储层组分与储集空间镜下特征照片a.中-细砂结构及方解石胶结,山古101井,埋深1 927.8 m,路乐河组Ⅰ砂组,正交光;b.细砂结构及主要碎屑矿物,山古1井,埋深1 879.3 m,路乐河组Ⅰ砂组,正交光;c.燧石岩屑及硅质胶结,山古1井,埋深1 880.5 m,路乐河组Ⅰ砂组,正交光;d.黑云母及岩浆岩岩屑,山2井,埋深1 980.4 m,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组,正交光;e.石英云母片岩岩屑,山古1井,埋深1 761.2 m,下干柴沟组下段Ⅱ砂组,正交光;f.砂岩岩屑,山2井,埋深1 985.2 m,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组,正交光;g.残余粒间孔,山3侧井,埋深2 302.2 m,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组,单偏光;h.长石粒内溶孔,山2井,埋深1 991.9 m,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组,单偏光;i.裂缝,山3侧井,埋深2 304.5 m,路乐河组Ⅱ砂组,单偏光Q.石英;Pl.斜长石;Kf.钾长石;Ms.黑云母;Cc.方解石胶结;Qs.硅质胶结;Lv.岩浆岩岩屑;Ls.沉积岩岩屑;Lm.变质岩岩屑"
表1
马海东地区古近系砂岩储层孔隙结构及填隙物观察统计"
样品编号 | 孔隙类型 | 孔隙直径/mm | 面孔率/% | 配位数 | 胶结物含量/% | 塑性岩屑含量/% | 砂组 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Z1b | 未见孔隙 | — | — | — | 16 | 10.9 | 下干柴沟组Ⅱ砂组 |
1-Z2a | 粒内溶孔 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 3 | 13 | — | 下干柴沟组Ⅱ砂组 |
1-S2 | 未见孔隙 | — | — | — | 23 | 7.0 | 下干柴沟组Ⅱ砂组 |
101-S2 | 粒间溶孔 | 0.03 ~ 0.05 | 5.0 | 4 | 15 | 8.0 | 路乐河组Ⅰ砂组 |
1-S3 | 粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔 | 0.02 ~ 0.04 | 0.5 | 3 | 21 | 11.1 | 路乐河组Ⅰ砂组 |
1-Z7c | 粒间溶孔 | 0.02 ~ 0.06 | 2.0 | 4 | 14 | 15.7 | 路乐河组Ⅰ砂组 |
1-S5 | 粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔 | 0.02 | 1.0 | 3 | 8 | 6.1 | 路乐河组Ⅰ砂组 |
2-Z5b | 粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔 | 0.02 ~ 0.07 | 6.0 | 5 | 20 | 9.4 | 路乐河组Ⅱ砂组 |
2-S14 | 粒间溶孔 | 0.06 ~ 0.12 | 10.0 | 6 | 10 | 10.0 | 路乐河组Ⅱ砂组 |
2-S15 | 未见孔隙 | — | — | — | 20 | 8.9 | 路乐河组Ⅱ砂组 |
3侧-Z1a | 粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔 | 0.02 ~ 0.08 | 3.0 | 4 | 11 | 10.7 | 路乐河组Ⅱ砂组 |
3侧-Z3c | 未见孔隙 | — | — | — | 41 | 3.4 | 路乐河组Ⅱ砂组 |
表2
马海东地区古近系砂岩储层压汞计算孔隙度和渗透率分布"
取样层位 | 井号 | 样品编号 | 样品深度/m | 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 平均孔隙度/% | 方差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下干柴沟组下段Ⅱ砂组 | 山古1 | 1-ZIb | 1 757.6 | 13.70 | 2.66 | 9.69 | 9.65 |
山古1 | 1-Z2a | 1 759.0 | 9.23 | 0.86 | |||
山古1 | 1-S2 | 1 759.2 | 6.14 | 0.43 | |||
路乐河组Ⅰ砂组 | 山古1 | 1-S3 | 1 879.3 | 11.50 | 1.53 | 13.27 | 2.88 |
山古1 | 1-Z7c | 1 880.5 | 12.27 | 4.52 | |||
山古1 | 1-S5 | 1 882.1 | 13.31 | 3.26 | |||
山古101 | 101-S2 | 1 928.0 | 15.99 | 3.98 | |||
路乐河组Ⅱ砂组 | 山2 | 2-Z5b | 1 981.0 | 13.70 | 2.66 | 9.17 | 16.96 |
山2 | 2-S14 | 1 994.0 | 4.86 | 0.26 | |||
山2 | 2-S15 | 1 994.9 | 11.44 | 2.55 | |||
山3侧 | 3侧-Z1a | 2 301.1 | 12.24 | 3.51 | |||
山3侧 | 3侧-Z3c | 2 302.6 | 3.60 | 0.15 |
表3
马海东地区古近系砂岩储层部分样品孔隙结构表征结果"
样品 编号 | 孔径期望值/μm | 孔径峰值/μm | 孔隙度/% | 渗透率/(10-3 μm2) | 退汞 效率/% | 迂曲度 | 迂曲度分形维数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Z1b | 2.83 | 2.62 | 14.00 | 2.66 | 30 | 4.04 | 1.27 |
1-Z2a | 2.88 | 0.01 | 9.23 | 0.86 | 17 | 5.80 | 1.34 |
1-S2 | 1.27 | 0.72 | 6.14 | 0.43 | 25 | 8.53 | 1.41 |
101-S2 | 3.05 | 2.60 | 15.99 | 3.98 | 25 | 3.52 | 1.24 |
1-S3 | 3.01 | 0.80 | 11.50 | 1.53 | 21 | 4.73 | 1.30 |
1-Z7c | 4.69 | 7.46 | 12.27 | 4.52 | 21 | 4.47 | 1.29 |
1-S5 | 3.06 | 4.55 | 13.33 | 3.26 | 27 | 4.14 | 1.27 |
2-Z5b | 2.83 | 2.62 | 13.70 | 2.66 | 30 | 4.04 | 1.27 |
2-S14 | 1.64 | 0.13 | 4.86 | 0.26 | 30 | 10.67 | 1.45 |
2-S15 | 2.87 | 3.33 | 11.44 | 2.55 | 27 | 4.76 | 1.30 |
3侧-Z1a | 4.25 | 4.59 | 12.24 | 3.51 | 27 | 4.47 | 1.29 |
3侧-Z3c | 0.90 | 0.36 | 3.60 | 0.15 | 32 | 14.27 | 1.51 |
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