白云岩的残余结构及其沉积相的意义——以塔中地区中-下奥陶统为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20170409

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白云岩虽然是一种沉积岩，原生、同生或准同生时期形成的泥晶-粉晶白云岩也常被视为局限-蒸发环境的指示标志，但埋藏条件下形成的交代白云岩或热液改造白云岩则不能直接作为沉积相标志，必须辨别白云岩的残余结构，并恢复原始灰岩的沉积环境。这对确定其沉积相及开展储层成因研究至关重要。以塔中地区中-下奥陶统白云岩发育段为例，这些白云岩就常被认为是局限-蒸发台地的标志。通过对取心段岩石类型的详细鉴定，以云质灰岩中的云化部分与未云化部分进行对比，建立了白云岩残余结构的识别标准。识别了白云岩的3种残余结构，发现白云岩以残余影像结构为主，残余粒屑结构和残余粒形结构很少，由此认为白云岩的原岩主要是一套颗粒滩相灰岩。中央隆起带早-中奥陶纪不属于前人所认为的局限-蒸发台地相，而是开阔台地相，且以发育台内滩亚相-高能砂屑滩微相为主。

关键词: 白云岩, 残余结构, 开阔台地相, 奥陶系, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: As a kind of sedimentary rock,primary,contemporaneous and penecontemporaneous dolostones with mud-or silt-sized crystalline structures are generally related to restricted-evaporative sedimentary setting.However,those formed by replacement or hydrothermal alteration during burial process could not be used as direct indicators of sedimentary facies,at least not until the relict texture of the dolostone is recognized and the original limestone depositional setting is restored.This is critical to sedimentary-and reservoir-related research on dolostone.The Middle-Lower Ordovician dolostone from the Central Uplift Zone,Tarim Basin,may serve as a good example.It is commonly regarded as signature of restric-ted-evaporative platform facies.However,an investigation of the dolostone in the study area proved otherwise.We identified the lithology of samples taken from the area through systematic core/thin section observation and established criteria for relict texture identification by comparing the dolomitized and the un-dolomitized parts of the same samples.The results show that dolostones in the area are characterized by three relict textures,among which the relict ghost texture dominates.The other two relict textures,i.e., the relict granular/biogenetic texture and the relict grain shape texture,are uncommon.We therefore suggest that the Ordovician dolostones originated mainly from a set of grained shoal limestone,and the sedimentary facies during the Early-Middle Ordovician was an open platform rather than a restricted platform.The predominant microfacies are intraplatform high-energy arenstritic shoal.

Key words: dolostone, relict texture, open platform facies, Ordovician, Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

张学丰,李晓锋,李宗杰,等. 白云岩的残余结构及其沉积相的意义——以塔中地区中-下奥陶统为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(4): 722-728. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170409 Zhang Xuefeng,Li Xiaofeng,Li Zongjie,et al. Relict texture of dolostones and its significance to sedimentary facies:A case study from the Middle-Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(4): 722-728. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170409

参考文献

[1] Warren J.Dolomite:occurrence,evolution and economically important associations[J].Earth-Science Review,2000,52:1-81.
[2] 张学丰,胡文瑄,张军涛.白云岩成因相关问题及主要形成模式[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(5):32-40. Zhang Xuefeng,Hu Wenxuan,Zhang Juntao.Critical problems for dolomite formation and dolomitization models[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2006,25(5):32-40.
[3] 张荫本.碳酸盐岩中的残余结构[J].天然气工业,1985,5:89-92. Zhang Yinben.Relict texture in carbonates[J].Natural Gas Industry,1985,5:89-92.
[4] 张学丰,蔡忠贤,胡文瑄,等.白云岩的残余结构及由此引发的孔隙分类问题[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):92-102. Zhang Xuefeng,Cai Zhongxian,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Relict textures of dolomite and the related porosity classification[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):92-102.
[5] Flügel E.碳酸盐岩微相——分析、解释及应用[M].马永生主译,北京:地质出版社,92-158. Flügel E.Microfacies of carbonate rocks:analysis,interpretation and application[M].Ma Yongsheng,eds.Beijing:Geology Express,92-158.
[6] Sander N assification of carbonate rocks of marine origin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1967,51(3):325-336.
[7] Kaldi J,Gidman J.Early diagenetic dolomite cements;examples from the Permian Lower Magnesian Limestone of England and the Pleistocene carbonates of the Bahamas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1982,52(4):1073-1085.
[8] Sibley D,F.Secular changes in the amount and texture of dolomite[J].Geology,1991,19:151-154.
[9] 毕义泉,田海芹,赵勇生,等.论泥晶套与次生白云岩原岩结构特征的恢复及意义[J].岩石学报,2001,17(3):491-496. Bi Yiquan,Tian Haiqin,Zhao Yongsheng,et al.On the micrite envelope to restoration of primary texture character of secondary dolomites and its significance[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2001,17(3):491-496.
[10] 郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩成因及储层主控因素分析——以巴楚大班塔格剖面为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3223-3232. Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Qiao Zhanfeng,et al.Genesis of dolomite and main controlling factors of reservoir in Penglaiba Formation of Lower Ordovician,Tarim Basin:A case study of Dabantage outcrop in Bachu area[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3223-3232.
[11] 汤良杰,黄太柱,邱海峻.塔里木盆地中央隆起带中、西段及邻区中、下寒武统盐相关构造及其变形机理[J].中国科学(D),2013,43:33-43. Tang Liangjie,Huang Taizhu,Qiu Huajun,et al.Salt-related structure and deformation mechanism of the Middle-Lower Cambrian in the middle-west parts of the Central Uplift and adjacent areas of the Tarim Basin[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55:1123-1133.
[12] 贺勇,黄擎宇,谢世文,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统蓬莱坝组沉积相特征[J].新疆地质,2011,29(3):306-310. He Yong,Huang Qingyu,Xie Shiwen,et al.Characteristic of sedimentary facies of Tarim Basin's Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Group[J].Xinjiang Geology,2011,29(3):306-310.
[13] 韩剑发,王清龙,陈军,等.塔里木盆地西北缘中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序结构和沉积微相分布[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):599-608. Han Jianfa,Wang Qinglong,Chen Jun,et al.Carbonate sequence structure and microfacies distribution of the Middle and Lower Ordovician in Northwestern Tarim Basin[J].Geosciences,2015,29(3):599-608.
[14] 顾家裕.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩特征及成因[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(2):120-122+170. Gu Jiayu.Characteristics and origin analysis of dolomite in Lower Ordovician of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(2):120-122+170.
[15] 杨威,王清华,刘效曾.塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):544-548. Yang Wei,Wang Qinghua,Liu Xiaoceng.Dolomite origin of Lower Ordovician in Hetian River Gas Field,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedime-ntologica Sinica,2000,18(4):544-548.
[16] 钱一雄,尤东华.塔中地区西北部奥陶系白云岩(化)成因分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):146-150. Qian Yixiong,You Donghua.An analysis of Ordovician dolomitisation origin in Northwestern Tazhong area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,227(2):146-150.
[17] 陈永权,周新源,赵葵东.塔里木盆地塔中1井藻纹层白云岩与竹叶状白云岩成因——基于岩石学、元素与同位素地球化学的厘定[J].地质学报.2008,82(6):826-834. Chen Yongquan,ZhouXinyuan,Zhao Kuidong,et al.Geochemical research on straticulate dolostone and spatulate dolostone in Lower Ordovician strata of Well Tazhong-1,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):826-834.
[18] 张学丰,胡文瑄,张军涛,.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩化流体来源的地球化学分析[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):80-89. Zhang Xuefeng,Hu Wenxuan,Zhang Juntao,et al.Geochemical analyses on dolomitization fluids of Lower Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):080-089.
[19] 朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):698-704. Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan.Hydrothermal alteration dolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):698-704.
[20] 张静,罗平.塔里木盆地奥陶系孔隙型白云岩储层成因[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):470-474. Zhang Jing,Luo Ping.Genesis of Ordovician matrix-porosity dolomite reservoir in the Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2010,32(5):470-474.
[21] 黄擎宇,张哨楠,叶宁,等.玉北地区下奥陶统白云岩岩石学、地球化学特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):391-400. Huang Qingyu,Zhang Shaonan,Ye Ning,et al.Petrologic,geochemical characteristics and origin of the Lower Ordovician dolomite in Yubei area[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(3):391-400.
[22] 韩银学,李忠,韩登林,等.塔里木盆地塔北东部下奥陶统基质白云岩的稀土元素特征及其成因[J].岩石学报,.2009,25(10):2405-2416. Han Yinxue,Li Zhong,Han Denglin,et al.REE characteristics of matrix dolomites and its origin of Lower Ordovician in eastern Tabei area,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,.2009,25(10):2405-2416.
[23] 沈安江,郑剑锋,等.塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层类型及特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(04):1-9. Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Pan Wenqing,et al.Types and characteristics of Lower Paleozoic dolostone reservoirs in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(04):1-9.
[24] 蔡习尧,李慧莉,尤东华,等.塔里木盆地玉北5井下奥陶统蓬莱坝组沉积期的暴露标志及其意义[J].岩石学报,2016,32(03):915-921. Cai Xiyao,Li Huili,You Donghua,et al.Exposure indicators and significance formed during the deposition of the Penglaiba Formation of Lower Ordovician of Well Yb5,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2016,32(03):915-921.
[25] 孟庆强,朱东亚,解启来,等.蓬莱坝组白云岩孔隙成因的地球化学探讨[J].西安石油大学学报,2011,26(5):1-5. Meng Qingqiang,Zhu Dongya,Xie Qilai,et al.Study on the pore genesis of the dolomite of Penglaiba Formation from geochemistry[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2011,26(5):1-5.