渤海海域莱州湾凹陷高硫稠油成因及其成藏模式

doi:10.11743/ogg20190207

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现今渤海海域仅在莱州湾凹陷发现了规模型高硫油油田，其原油性质复杂，来源及成因认识不清。在大量实验数据分析的基础之上，利用地球化学分析方法和盆地模拟手段对莱州湾凹陷各油田油气来源及成因做了详细研究，结果表明：①莱州湾凹陷主要发育了沙三段和沙四段两套有效的烃源岩，陡坡带和中央构造带上各构造原油主要来源于主洼沙四段烃源岩，缓坡带上各构造原油表现为主洼沙四段和南次洼沙四段双洼供烃的特征；②沙四段地层沉积时期存在水体分隔，南次洼水体更加咸化易形成富硫干酪根，其烃源岩分布范围控制着高硫油的分布范围，是高硫油形成的主控因素。而生物降解作用，一方面导致原油稠化是形成稠油的主要原因，另一方面使原油硫含量相对富集，是形成高硫油的重要因素；③垦利16-1油田具有晚期成藏的特点，形成了咸化湖盆早生、早排双洼供烃成藏模式，深、浅地层成藏模式不同，深部地层为典型不整合面侧向输导远源成藏模式。认为南次洼南部古近系地层和潜山优质储层是油气聚集的有利区带，可作为下一步油气勘探的有利方向。

关键词: 油源, 烃源岩, 生物标志化合物, 成藏模式, 高硫稠油, 莱州湾凹陷

Abstract: In Bohai Sea,large-scale high-sulfuric oilfields are only found in Laizhou Bay Sag.The crude oil properties in this area are complex,and the source and genesis of oil here are not clearly understood.We made a detailed study on the hydrocarbon sources and genesis of oilfields in Laizhou Bay Say by means of geochemical analysis and basin simulation,and incorporating a large number of experimental data.The results show that (1) there are two sets of effective source rocks developed in the sag,namely the Es³ and Es⁴.Oils in the steep slope belt and central tectonic belt were derived from Es⁴ source rocks in the main sag,while oils in the gentle slope belt originated from the Es⁴ source rocks both in the main sag and in the south subsag.(2) During Es⁴ sedimentary period,the waters of Laizhou Bay Sag were not connected,so that the south subsag waters were prone to become saline to produce sulfur-rich kerogens.Thus,the distribution of Es⁴ source rocks in the south subsag controls the distribution of high-sulfuric oil,serving as the major controlling factor for generating high-sulfuric oil.In addition,microbial degradation can lead to the thickening of crude oil,and cause the relative enrichment of sulfur in crude oil.(3) Kenli 16-1 oilfield is characteristic of late-stage hydrocarbon accumulation,with a hydrocarbon accumulation model of saline lacustrine basins featuring early generation,early expulsion,and dual-sag hydrocarbon charge.Meanwhile,the accumulation model of deep reservoirs is a typical example of a distal source charge through long distance oil migration along unconformity laterals,different from that of the shallow reservoirs.The Palaeogene formations in the southern south subsag and high reservoir quality buried-hill formations are regarded as favorable plays for hydrocarbon accumulation,which can be targeted for further oil and gas exploration.

Key words: oil source, source rock, biomarker compound, accumulation model, high-sulfuric heavy oil, Laizhou Bay Sag

中图分类号:

TE122.3

汤国民,王飞龙,王清斌,等. 渤海海域莱州湾凹陷高硫稠油成因及其成藏模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(2): 284-293. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190207 Tang Guomin,Wang Feilong,Wang Qingbin,et al. Genesis and accumulation models of sulfur-rich heavy oil in Laizhou Bay Sag,Bohai Sea[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(2): 284-293. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190207

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