石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 502-515.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240214

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

苏北盆地古近系阜宁组二段页岩油储层岩石力学特征及其控制因素

高和群(), 高玉巧, 何希鹏, 聂军   

  1. 中国石化 华东油气分公司 勘探开发研究院,江苏 扬州 225007
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-06 修回日期:2024-02-18 出版日期:2024-04-30 发布日期:2024-04-30
  • 第一作者简介:高和群(1983—),男,高级工程师,非常规油气实验及地质研究。E-mail:gaohequn@163.com
  • 基金项目:
    中国石化科技部项目(P23190)

Rock mechanical properties and controlling factors for shale oil reservoirs in the second member of the Paleogene Funing Formation, Subei Basin

Hequn GAO(), Yuqiao GAO, Xipeng HE, Jun NIE   

  1. Exploration and Development Research Institute,East China Oil & Gas Company,SINOPEC,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225007,China
  • Received:2023-10-06 Revised:2024-02-18 Online:2024-04-30 Published:2024-04-30

摘要:

为查明苏北盆地页岩油储层可压性特征及压后孔、缝变化规律,以古近系阜宁组二段(阜二段)为研究对象,对岩石力学特征、压裂效果及其影响因素进行研究。用计算机高分辨断层扫描成像技术(多尺度CT扫描)对岩样进行三维重构,获取孔、缝结构参数;开展地层围压下三轴力学实验,获取岩石力学参数;将压裂后的岩样按相同位置和方向再次进行多尺度CT扫描,获取压裂后三维孔、缝结构图像。根据应力-应变曲线特征,将本区页岩划分为3种类型。①1型页岩,为破裂曲线波浪下降,压后形成复杂网状缝页岩。②2型页岩,为破裂曲线类型多样,具波浪下降和垂直下降形状,压后缝网较发育的页岩。③3型页岩,为破裂曲线垂直下降,破裂后整体较完整,压后多形成纵向劈裂缝、缝网不发育的页岩。这3种类型页岩压后孔隙变化特征是:1型和2型页岩直径10 ~ 50 μm孔隙占比减少,直径50 ~ 100 μm孔隙增多,直径300 μm以上孔隙孔容贡献增大;3型页岩压裂前、后孔径分布及孔容贡献变化不明显。研究表明,抗压强度与弹性模量、剪切模量具有正相关关系,与泊松比具有V型曲线关系;碳酸盐和黏土矿物含量是控制本区页岩力学性质的主要因素,石英和有机碳含量为次要因素。孔隙度及纹层发育特征是页岩储层可压性特征的重要影响因素。

关键词: 三轴应力, CT扫描, 岩石力学参数, 应力-应变曲线, 储层类型, 页岩油, 古近系, 苏北盆地

Abstract:

The study aims to determine the fracturability of shale oil reservoirs and post-fracturing variations in pores and fractures in the Subei Basin. The 2nd member of the Paleogene Funing Formation (also referred to as the Fu 2 Member) is taken as an example to investigate the rock mechanics and fracturing performance and the relevant influencing factors. This process involves three steps: a. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of rock samples using high-resolution computed tomography (i.e., multi-scale CT scanning) to extract structural parameters of pores and fractures; b. Triaxial mechanical experiments under the confining pressure of the formation to obtain rock mechanical parameters; c. Multi-scale CT scanning of fractured rock samples at the same position and along the same direction to obtain an image of the post-fracturing 3D structures of pores and fractures. Based on the characteristics of stress-strain curves, shales in the study area are categorized into three types. Type 1 is characterized by rupture curves with a wavy downward trend, indicative of intricate post-fracturing reticular fractures. Type 2 shows various rupture curves with both wavy and vertical downward trends, indicating well-developed fracture networks after fracturing. Type 3 exhibits rupture curves with a vertical downward trend, suggesting relative intactness after fracturing with the formation of longitudinal splitting fractures rather than fracture networks. Post-fracturing changes in pores within the three types of shales are as follows. For the first and second types, pores with diameters ranging from 10 to 50 μm represent a decreased proportion, those with diameters between 50 and 100 μm show an increased proportion, and those larger than 300 μm in diameter make a greater contribution to the overall pore volume. In contrast, for the third type, pores with varying diameters demonstrate insignificant changes in proportion and contribution to the overall pore volume after fracturing. The study results reveal that the compressive strength positively correlates with the elastic and shear modulus and exhibits V-shaped relationship with Poisson’s ratio. The mechanical properties of shales in the study area are primarily governed by their carbonate and clay mineral contents, followed by their quartz and organic carbon contents. Furthermore, porosity and lamina development characteristics emerge as significant factors influencing the fracturability of shale reservoirs.

Key words: triaxial stress, CT scanning, rock mechanical parameter, stress-strain curve, reservoir type, shale oil, Paleogene, Subei Basin

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