石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 827-851.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240318

• 方法技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳酸盐岩储层高精度构造应力场模拟与裂缝多参数分布预测方法及其应用

丁文龙1,2(), 李云涛1,2(), 韩俊3, 黄诚3, 王来源3, 孟庆修3   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院,北京 100083
    2.海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,中国地质大学(北京),北京 100083
    3.中国石油化工股份有限公司 西北油田分公司 勘探开发研究院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-01 修回日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 李云涛 E-mail:dingwenlong2006@126.com;liyuntao1230@126.com
  • 第一作者简介:丁文龙(1965—),男,教授、博士研究生导师,石油构造分析与控油气作用、非常规油气储层裂缝形成机制与定量表征及工程甜点评价。E-mail:dingwenlong2006@126.com
  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42372171)

Methods for high-precision tectonic stress field simulation and multi-parameter prediction of fracture distribution for carbonate reservoirs and their application

Wenlong DING1,2(), Yuntao LI1,2(), Jun HAN3, Cheng HUANG3, Laiyuan WANG3, Qingxiu MENG3   

  1. 1.School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism (Ministry of Education),China University of Geosciences (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
    3.Exploration and Development Research Institute,Northwest Oil Field Company,SINOPEC,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China
  • Received:2024-01-01 Revised:2024-05-10 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-01
  • Contact: Yuntao LI E-mail:dingwenlong2006@126.com;liyuntao1230@126.com

摘要:

构造裂缝是碳酸盐岩的主要储集空间之一,局部应力导致的构造破裂是影响裂缝发育的重要因素。基于有限元方法的构造应力场模拟已成为构造裂缝预测的重要方法,但尚未能解决模型设置与实际地质情况相差较大、最优边界条件获取效率低以及构造裂缝发育的主控因素不清晰等问题。①引入非均质岩石力学模型构建方法和自适应边界条件约束算法以提升应力场模拟的精度,根据储层破裂率和断裂活动性等参数定量表征储层裂缝发育特征;②定量探讨走滑断裂变形特征的差异和应力扰动对构造裂缝发育的影响,优选控制构造裂缝发育的最强因素构建碳酸盐岩裂缝型储集体发育指数并定量研究其主控因素;③以储集体发育规模预测为基础,结合单井裂缝测井和岩心解释成果,建立不同级别碳酸盐岩裂缝型储集体的地质模式。将该方法在中国塔里木盆地顺北地区18号断裂带及邻区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层中应用。结果表明,张扭段、平移段与压扭段的裂缝发育程度依次降低。地层变形幅度越大,裂缝发育程度越高。储层岩石力学参数、距断裂的距离、水平两向应力差、应力非均质性系数和综合破裂率被用于构建裂缝型储集体发育指数,其分级结果与实际地质情况匹配度较高。

关键词: 裂缝发育主控因素, 构造应力场模拟, 裂缝定量预测, 储集体定量评价, 碳酸盐岩储层, 奥陶系, 顺北地区, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Tectonic fractures serve as primary reservoir spaces of carbonate rocks, and local stress-induced tectonic fracturing acts as a prominent factor influencing their development. Simulating tectonic stress fields using the finite element method has become an important method for tectonic fracture prediction. However, this method faces challenges such as large discrepancies between model setting and actual geologic condition, low efficiency in obtaining optimal boundary conditions, and undefined factors governing the development of tectonic fractures. To address these issues, a method for constructing a heterogeneous rock mechanics model and a self-adaptive boundary constraint algorithm are introduced to enhance the precision of stress field simulations, and quantitatively characterize fracture development in reservoirs using parameters such as reservoir rupture rate and fault activity. Then, by quantitatively exploring the impacts of differences in strike-slip fault deformations and stress perturbations on tectonic fractures, the most significant factors controlling fracture development are selected to construct a development index for fractured carbonate reservoirs, and quantitatively investigate its dominant controlling factors. Lastly, based on reservoir scale prediction, as well as single-well fracture logs and core interpretations, we build a geologic model of fractured carbonate reservoirs at different levels. This method has been applied to the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the No. 18 fault zone and adjacent regions in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin. The application results indicate that the degree of fracture development decreases in the order of transtensional, translational, and transpressional fault segments of the fault zone and that higher deformation amplitude of strata is associated with a higher developmental degree of fractures. In addition, the development index of fractured reservoirs is constructed using the rock mechanical parameters, distances from faults, horizontal bidirectional stress differences, stress heterogeneity coefficient, and comprehensive rupture rate of reservoirs. The reservoir classification results based on this index align closely with actual geologic conditions.

Key words: dominant factor controlling fracture development, tectonic stress field simulation, quantitative prediction of fracture distribution, quantitative assessment of reservoir, carbonate reservoir, Ordovician, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

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