箕状断陷盆地形成机制、沉积体系与成藏规律——以济阳坳陷为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20140302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国大陆东部自进入地台活化阶段以来形成的诸如济阳坳陷等沉积盆地，主要表现为箕状断陷形式，剖面为典型的“断超结构”。其成因与太平洋板块向中国大陆俯冲，引起地壳拉张减薄，进而导致一系列断裂发生伸展活动有关；箕状断陷盆地陡坡带、洼陷带和缓坡带构造活动强度不同，受其控制的沉积体系及其组合，表现出与古地貌背景的对应性；受构造-沉积充填特征控制，盆地内圈闭类型、输导体系、成藏动力等成藏要素分布的有序性，决定了盆地油藏类型分布的有序性；不同构造岩相带成藏主控因素及其组合样式的差异性，衍生出区带油气富集与控藏模式的差异性。对应于不同区带的代表性隐蔽油气藏，陡坡带以砂砾岩体成岩封堵成藏模式为主，洼陷带以浊积扇体压力-隐蔽输导控藏模式为主，缓坡带以滩坝砂岩三元控藏模式为主。总之，中国东部古近纪箕状断陷盆地具有明显的石油地质“四性”特征，即箕状断陷盆地形成的必然性、沉积体系发育的对应性、油藏类型分布的有序性以及成藏主控因素的差异性。

关键词: 箕状断陷, 盆地结构, 沉积体系, 油藏类型, 油气成藏, 济阳坳陷

Abstract:

The sedimentary basins in eastern China(like Jiyang Depression)are characterized by dustpan-shape with marginal faults and vertical overlapping architecture.These basins formed due to the subduction of Pacific Plate under China continent,which caused crust stretching and thinning,and further resulting in a series of extension of faults.In dustpan-shaped rift basin,the tectonic intensity varies in different structural belts.Therefore,the sedimentary systems and their assemblages under their control correspond well with the palaeogeomorphology.Due to the control of tectonic evolution and depositional characteristics,the traps,carrier system and the accumulation dynamics show some orderliness of distribution,which determines the orderliness of reservoir type distribution.Secondly,the differences of the major hydrocarbon accumulation controlling factors and their assemblages between different structure belts generate the differences of hydrocarbon accumulation and reservoir patterns between different plays.Moreover,different types of subtle reservoirs are deve-loped at different structural belts.Specifically,conglomerate fan reservoirs in the steep slope belt show hydrocarbon accumulation pattern featured by diagenetic sealing.The turbidity fan reservoirs in the central-depression belt show the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern featured by pressure-subtle migration.And the beach-bar sand bodies in the gentle slope belt show hydrocarbon accumulation pattern featured by control of three elements,i.e.faulted structures,effective reservoir,and formation fluid pressure.In conclusion,the petroleum geologic features of the Paleogene dustpan-shaped rift basins in east China can be sum up as follows:regularity in the evolution of basin,correspondence in sedimentary system,orderliness of reservoir type distribution,and difference in key factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation.

Key words: dustpan-shaped fault depression, basin structure, sedimentary system, reservoir type, petroleum accumulation, Jiyang Depression

中图分类号:

TE12

宋国奇,郝雪峰,刘克奇. 箕状断陷盆地形成机制、沉积体系与成藏规律——以济阳坳陷为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(3): 303-310. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140302 Song Guoqi,Hao Xuefeng,Liu Keqi. Tectonic evolution,sedimentary system and petroleum distribution patterns in dustpan-shaped rift basin：a case study from Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(3): 303-310. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140302

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