库车坳陷DB气田白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩的多期溶蚀

doi:10.11743/ogg20160411

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以岩心观察、普通薄片和铸体薄片观察与鉴定为基础，辅以阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜和油层物性分析等技术手段，结合区域地质研究成果，系统研究塔里木盆地库车坳陷DB气田白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩储层溶蚀作用特征及其发育机制，并剖析其与孔隙演化的关系。结果表明，库车坳陷DB气田白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩为特低孔-特低渗储层，发育多种溶蚀孔隙。储层经历多期溶蚀作用，依次为大气淡水表生淋滤溶蚀作用、有机酸溶蚀作用、微弱的碱性溶解作用和较弱的酸碱交替溶蚀作用，分别溶蚀早期碳酸盐胶结物、长石、不稳定岩屑和石英质组分等，形成粒间溶孔、溶蚀缝、超粒大孔隙、粒内溶孔等溶蚀孔隙。结合地层埋藏史、有机质发育史和构造演化史等研究成果，综合分析认为，DB气田多期溶蚀和烃类多期注入相匹配是形成现今高产气田的重要原因。

关键词: 多期溶蚀, 砂岩, 巴什基奇克组, 白垩系, 气田, 库车坳陷

Abstract: Characteristics and genesis of dissolution and its influence over pores in sandstone reservoirs of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in DB gas field of Kuqa Depression are studied based on observation of cores,and normal/cast thin sections,analyses through cathodoluminescence microscope,scan electricity microscope,and characterization of reservoir physical properties,and etc.The result shows that the sandstone reservoirs in the Formation have ultra-low porosity and permeability and contain various types of dissolved pores.The reservoirs had experienced successively atmospheric water supergene leaching (dissolving carbonate cementation),organic acid dissolution (dissolving feldspar),weak alkaline dissolution (dissolving unstable debris),and less weak alternative acid/alkali dissolution(dissolving quartzose),resulting in intergrannular dissolution pores,dissolution fractures,large dissolution pores surpassing grain size,intragranular dissolution pores,and etc.A combination of the study with previous analyses,including stratigraphic burial history,and evolutionary history of organic matter and tectonics of the Formation,indicates that right timing between multi-staged dissolution and hydrocarbon charge was critical for forming prolific DB field.

Key words: multi-stage dissolution, sandstone, Bashijiqike Formation, Cretaceous, gas field, Kuqa Depression

中图分类号:

TE122.2

袁静,成荣红,朱忠谦,等. 库车坳陷DB气田白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩的多期溶蚀[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2016, 37(4): 546-555. doi: 10.11743/ogg20160411 Yuan Jing,Cheng Ronghong,Zhu Zhongqian,et al. Multi-staged dissolution of sandstone in Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in DB gas field of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(4): 546-555. doi: 10.11743/ogg20160411

参考文献

[1] Surdam R C,Crossey L J,Hagen E S,et al.Organic-inorganic intera-ction and sandstone diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-27.
[2] Glasmann J R,Clark R A,Larter S,et al.Diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation,Brent Sandstone (Jurassic),Bergen high area,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(11):1341-1360.
[3] Hartmann B H,Ranseyer K,Matter A.Diagenesis and pore-water evolution in Permian sandstones,Gharif Formation,Sultanate of Oman[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70:533-544.
[4] 朱抱荃,程中第,应凤祥.地层干酪根有机酸与储层次生孔隙的关系[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(2):206-215.Zhu Baoquan,Cheng Zhongdi,Ying Fengxiang.Relation of organic acid generated by kerogen to secondary porosity of reservoir[J].Experimental Petroleum&Geology,1996,18(2):206-215.
[5] 刘林玉,陈刚,柳益群,等.碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2):97-101.Liu linyu,Chen Gang,Liu yiqun,et al.Analysis on influencing factors of solution-type secondary pore-evolution in clastic reservoirs[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(2):97-101.
[6] 袁静,赵澄林.水介质的化学性质和流动方式对深部碎屑岩储层成岩作用的影响[J].石油大学学报,2000.24(1):60-63 Yuan Jing,Zhao Chenglin.Influence of chemistry of fluid and circulated convection current on diagenesis of petroclastic rock in deep formation[J].Journal of University of Petroleum,China,2000,24(1):60-63.
[7] Emery D,Myers K J,Young R.Ancient subaerial exposure and freshwater leaching in sandstones[J].Geology (Boulder),1990,18:1178-1181.
[8] Bloch S,Franks S G.Preservation of shallow plagioclase dissolution porosity during burial implications for porosity prediction and aluminum mass balance[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77:1488-1501
[9] 黄思静,武文慧,刘洁,等.大气水在碎屑岩次生孔隙形成中的作用-以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2003,28(4):219-424 Huang Sijing,Wu Wenhui,Liu Jie,et al.Generation of secondary porosity by meteoric water during time of subaerial exposure:an example from Yanchang Formation sandstone of Triassic of Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(4):219-424.
[10] 邱隆伟,姜在兴,操应长,等.泌阳凹陷碱性成岩作用及其对储层的影响[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(9):752-759 Qui Longwei,Jiang Zaixing,Cao Yingchang,et al.Alkalne diagenesis and its influence to reservoir in Biyang Depression[J].Science in China (Series D),2001,31(9):752-759.
[11] 袁静,张善文,乔俊,等.东营凹陷深层溶蚀孔隙的多重介质成因机理和动力机制[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):840-846.Yuan Jing,Zhang Shanwen,Qiao Jun,et al.Cause of formation and dynamic mechanisms in multiply medium of dissolved pores in deep formation of Dongying Sag[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica.2007,25(6):840-846.
[12] 张博,李江海,吴世萍,等.DB气田储层裂缝定量描述[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(1):42-46.Zhang Bo,Li Jianghai,Wu Shiping,et al.The quantitative description of tight sand reservoir fissures in Dabei gas field[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(1):42-46.
[13] 李世川,成荣红,王勇,等.库车坳陷DB1气藏白垩系储层裂缝发育规律[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10),24-27 Li Shichuan,Cheng Ronghong,Wang Yong,et al.Fracture development pattern in the Cretaceous reservoirs in the Dabei-1 gas pool of the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(10),,24-27.
[14] 禹定孺,刘春雷.库车坳陷DB地区白垩系裂缝及产能特征[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版)2011,13(5):16-18,34 Yu Dingru,Liu Chunlei.On the characters of productivity and crack at Dabei area in Kuqa Depression of the Cretaceous stage[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,13(5):16-18,34.
[15] 高伟,刘安,费世祥,等.库车坳陷DB地区深部储层裂缝综合评价[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(3):32-35,39.Gao Wei,Liu An,Fei Shixiang,et al.Dabei area deep reservoir fractures comprehensive evaluation in Kuche Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering.2012,26(3):32-35,39.
[16] 朱忠谦,杨学君,赵力彬,等.陆相湖盆致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机理研究[C]//钟建华,陈树敏,William John Lee.国际非常规油气勘探开发(青岛)大会论文集,北京:地质出版社,2011:147-158.Zhu Zhongqian,Yang Xuejun,Zhao Libin,et al.Characteristics and origin of nature fractures in tight sandstone reservoir of continental lacustrine basin[C]//Zhong Jianhua,Chen Shumin,Lee W J.The international conference (Qingdao) on unconventional petroleum exploration and development,Beijing:Geological House,2011:147-158.
[17] 刘春,张惠良,韩波,等.库车坳陷DB地区深部碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):504-512.Liu Chun,Zhang HuiLiang,Han Bo,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of deep-burial clastic rocks in Dabei zone of Kuche sag[J].Nature Gas Geosciences,2009,20(4):504-512.
[18] 张丽娟,李多丽,孙玉善,等.库车坳陷西部古近系——白垩系沉积储层特征分析[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):355-360.Zhang LiJuan,Li DuoLi,Sun YuShan,et al.Analysis of characteristics of sedimentary reservoir between Cretaceous and Palaeogene in the western part of the Kuqa Depression[J].Nature Gas Geosciences,2006,17(3):355-360.
[19] 张荣虎,张惠良,寿建峰,等.库车坳陷DB地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组储层成因地质分析[J].地质科学,2008,43(3):507-517.Zhang Ronghu,Zhang Huiliang,Shou Jianfeng,et al.Geological analysis on reservoirm echanism of the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Dabei area of the Kuqa Depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2008,43(3):507-517.
[20] 沈扬,马玉杰,赵力彬,等.库车坳陷东部古近系——白垩系储层控制因素及有利勘探区[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):136-142.Shen Yang,Ma Yujie,Zhao Libin,et al.Controlling factors of the Paleogene-Cretaceous reservoirs and potential exploration areas in the eastern Kuqa Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(2):136-142.
[21] 贾承造,陈汉林,杨树锋,等.库车坳陷晚白垩世隆升过程及其地质响应[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):1-5,15.Jia Chengzao,Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,et al.Late Cretaceous uplifting process and its geological response in Kuqa Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica.2003,24(3):1-5,15.
[22] 张荣虎,张惠良,马玉杰,等.特低孔特低渗高产储层成因机制——以库车坳陷DB1气田巴什基奇克组储层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):75-82.Zhang Ronghu,Zhang Huiliang,Ma Yujie,et al.Origin of extralow porosity and permeability high production reservoirs:A case from Bashijiqike reservoir of Dabei 1 oil field,Kuqa Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(1):75-82.
[23] Schoner R,Gaupp R.Contrasting red bed diagenesis:the southern and northern margin of the central European Basin[J].International Journal of Earth Sciencel (Geology Rundsch),2005,94:897-916.
[24] 杨学君.大北气田低孔低渗砂岩储层裂缝特征及形成机理研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2011.Yang Xuejun.Characteristics and origin of fractures in sandstone reservoir with low permeability,Dabei gas field[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[25] 郝芳,邹华耀,方勇.隐蔽油气藏研究的难点和前沿[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):481-488 Hao Fang,Zou Huayao,Fang Yong.The difficulties and frontiers of subtle oil/gas reservoir research[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):481-488
[26] 张福顺,朱允辉,王芙蓉.准噶尔盆地腹部深埋储层次生孔隙成因机理研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):469-478.Zhang Fushun,Zhu Yunhui,Wang Furong.Forming mechanism of secondary pores in deep buried reservoirs of Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(3):469-478.
[27] 刘丽红,黄思静,王春连,等.碳酸盐岩中方解石胶结物的阴极发光环带与微量元素构成的关系——以塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩为例[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(1):55-60.Liu Lihong,Huang Sijing,Wang Chunlian,et al.Cathodoluminescence Zonal Texture of Calcite Cement in Carbonate Rockand Its Relationship with Trace Element Composition:A Case of Ordovician Carbonate Rock of Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2010,15(1):55-60.
[28] 肖中尧,黄光辉,卢玉红,等.库车坳陷却勒1井原油的重排藿烷系列及油源对比[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):35-37.Xiao Zhongyao,Huang Guanghui,Lu Yuhong,et al.Qiu-cha rearranged hopanes in oils from the Quele 1 Well,Tarim Basin,and the significance for oil correlation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develo-pment,2004,31(2):35-37.
[29] 何治亮,高山林.中国西部燕山运动及其对成藏的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(4):419-427.He Zhiliang,Gao Linshan.The Yanshanian movement and its control over hydrocarbon accumulation in western China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(4):419-427.
[30] 万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,等.库车坳陷西部构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩生烃期匹配关系探讨[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):187-196.Wan Guimei,Tang Liangjie,Jin Wenzheng,et al.Control of salt-related tectonics on oil and gas accumulation in the Western Kuqa Depression[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(2):187-196.
[31] Curtis C D.Possible links between sandstone diagenesis and depth-related geochemical reaction occurring in enclosing mudstones[J].Journal of Geology Society,1978,135:107-117.
[32] Thyne G.A model for diagenetic mass transfer between adjacent sandstone and shale Marine and Petroleum Geology[J].2001,18(6):743-755.
[33] 应凤祥.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Ying Fengxiang.Diagenesis and diagenetic numerical Simulation of clastic reservoirs in China oil and gas bearing basin[M].Beijing:Petroleam Industry Press,2003.
[34] Stephen E L,Meghan E W.Diagenesis in porosity evolution of opening-mode fractures,Middle Triassic to Lower Jurassic La Boca Formation,NE Mexico[J].Tectonophysics,2006(419):75-967.
[35] Surdam R C,Boses W,Grossey L J.The geochemistry of secondary porosity[J].AAPG Bulletin,1984,Memoir 37:127-149.
[36] 周兴熙.塔里木盆地库车油气系统新生代构造演化及油气成藏作用[J].古地理学报,2002,4(1):75-82.Zhou Xingxi.Oil and gas pool forming process and tectonic evolution of Cenozoic in Kuqa petroleum system of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2002,4(1):75-82.
[37] 赵靖舟,戴金星.库车油气系统油气成藏期与成藏史[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):314-319.Zhao Jingzhou,Dai Jinxing.Accumulation timing and history of Kuche petroleum system,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):314-319.
[38] 邢恩袁,庞雄奇,肖中尧,等.利用颗粒荧光定量分析技术研究塔里木盆地库车坳陷DB1气藏充注史[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(4):432-437.Xing Enyuan,Pang Xiongqi,Xiao Zhongyao,et al.Application of quantitative grain fluorescence techniques in analysis of hydrocarbon charge history in Dabei 1 gas reservoir,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment.2012,34(4):432-437.
[39] 冯松宝.库车坳陷DB1煤成大气田储层流体包裹体特征和成藏期研究[J].宿州学院学报,2013,28(1):86-90.Feng Songbao.Characteristics of fluid inclusion and reservoir-forming time of Dabei 1 coal-derived large gas field in Kuqa Depression[J].Journal of Suzhou University,2013,28(1):86-90.
[40] 顾家裕,方辉,贾进华.塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系辫状三角洲砂体成岩作用和储层特征[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):517-523.Gu Jiayu,Fang Hui,Jia Jinhua.Diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of Cretaceous braided delta sandbody in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001.19(4):517-523.
[41] 谭秀成,王振宇,田景春,等.利用储层岩石学研究油气运移期次[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):63-67.Tang Xiucheng,Wang Zhenyu,Tian Jingchun,et al.Study on petroleum migration times using reservoir patrology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):63-67.
[42] Giles M R,Boer R B.Origin and significance of redistributional secondary porosity[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1990,7:379-397.
[43] 王生朗,任来义,王英,等.盐湖环境成岩作用特征及其对高孔隙带形成的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2003.30(5):47-49.Wang Shenglang,Ren Laiyi,Wang Ying,et al.Characteristics of diagenesis saline lake environment and its effects to high-porosity zones[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003.30(5):47-49.
[44] 刘宝珺,张锦泉.沉积成岩作用[M].北京:科学出版社.1992:12,138.Liu Baojun,Zhang Jinquan.The depositional diagenesis[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992:12,138.